Artículos
Publicado el 26 de agosto de 2001
Artroscopía de rodilla
Manejo del dolor en los pacientes artroscopisados ambulatorios.
Revisión de los recursos farmacológicos disponibles para neutralizar el dolor postoperatorio del procedimiento artroscópico.
Autor/a: Reuben, Scott S. M.D. and Sklar, Joseph, M.D.
La artroscopia de la rodilla, incluyendo la reconstrucción del ligamento cruzado anterior, es un procedimiento que rutinariamente se realiza en forma ambulatoria. Tradicionalmente, el manejo del dolor postoperatorio corre por cuenta de los analgésicos locales; sin embargo, frecuentemente, su aplicación deviene en una remisión dolorosa inadecuada. Este hecho puede afectar la conformidad del paciente respecto al alta, prolongando su internación, retardando en inicio de su rehabilitación, determinando pobres resultados e insumiendo mayores recursos terapéuticos. Al presente, existen varias técnicas viables para el tratamiento de este dolor postartroscópico; éstas incluyen el uso de opiáceos (provocando una analgesia mediata central o periférica), anestésicos locales, drogas antiinflamatorias no esteroides, corticoides, clonidina y crioterapia. En este artículo, los autores presentan una revisión del conocimiento de la fisiología del dolor agudo y asimismo, las técnicas más frecuentes para el control del dolor asociado con la artroscopia.
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