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Desde 1991, la prevalencia de la lepra se ha reducido en más de 90%. Este hito representa la eliminación de una de las enfermedades más temidas de la humanidad, y una de las que más se acompañan de desfiguración física, estigmatización y rechazo. Se debe, en gran medida, al aumento del acceso a pruebas diagnósticas en etapa temprana de la enfermedad y al tratamiento gratuito en comunidades en mayor riesgo, a su vez parte de una iniciativa lanzada en 1999 y conocida por Alianza Mundial para la Eliminación de la Lepra.
A la cabeza de esta iniciativa se encuentran los programas nacionales de los principales países con enfermedad endémica, la OMS, la Fundación Nippon, la Federación Internacional de Asociaciones contra la Lepra (ILEP), los laboratorios Novartis y la Fundación Novartis para el Desarrollo Sostenible, el Fondo Danés de Asistencia para el Desarrollo Internacional (DANIDA) y el Banco Mundial.