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Según un estudio publicado en el "American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine", los pacientes asmáticos, en especial aquellos cuya enfermedad empeora por la noche, parecen ser más sensibles a la melatonina, hormona que regula el ciclo del sueño y la vigilia.
Un equipo de la Universidad de Colorado (Estados Unidos) decidió llevar a cabo el estudio para determinar por qué un 40% de los asmáticos experimentan un empeoramiento de los síntomas por la noche, partiendo de la hipótesis de que la causa puede residir en que los niveles de melatonina alcanzan su pico máximo en las horas nocturnas.
Tomaron a las 4 de la madrugada leucocitos de pequeños grupos de pacientes con asma nocturna, asma no nocturna y controles sanos, y observaron que la exposición de esas células a la melatonina desencadenaba la producción de citocinas inflamatorias, siendo las procedentes de los pacientes con asma nocturna las más sensibles.
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 2002;166:1055-1061
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University of Colorado Health Sciences Center