Medidas para su manejo adecuado | 30 MAR 05
Hiperkalemia por inhibidores de la renina-angiotensina-aldosterona
La hiperkalemia crea un dilema terapéutico ya que los pacientes con mayor riesgo son los mismos que obtienen el mayor beneficio cardiovascular de esos fármacos.
Autor/a: Dr. Biff F. Palmer Managing Hyperkalemia Caused by Inhibitors of the Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone System. NEJM: 351(6):585-592. 5 agosto 2004
INDICE:
1. Desarrollo
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2. Inducción de la hiperkalemia
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3. Función anormal del túbulo colector cortical
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4. Bibliografía
Bibliografía
1. Acker CG, Johnson JP, Palevsky PM, Greenberg A. Hyperkalemia in hospitalized patients: causes, adequacy of treatment, and results of an attempt to improve physician compliance with published therapy guidelines. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:917-924.
2. Rimmer JM, Horn JF, Gennari FJ. Hyperkalemia as a complication of drug therapy. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:867-869.
3. Perazella MA. Drug-induced hyperkalemia: old culprits and new offenders. Am J Med 2000;109:307-314.
4. Ahuja T, Freeman D Jr, Mahnken JD, Agraharkar M, Siddiqui M, Memon A. Predictors of the development of hyperkalemia in patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Am J Nephrol 2000;20:268-272.
5. Reardon LC, Macpherson DS. Hyperkalemia in outpatients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:26-32.
6. Shlipak MG. Pharmacotherpay for heart failure in patients with renal insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:917-924.
7. Nakao N, Yoshimura A, Morita H, Takada M, Kayano T, Ideura T. Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:117-124. [Erratum, Lancet 2003;361:1230.]
8. Cohn JN, Tognoni G. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1667-1675.
9. McMurray J, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet 2003;362:767-771.
10. Pfeffer M, McMurray J, Velazquez E, et al. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1893-1906. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 2004;350:203.]
11. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999;341:709-717.
12. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1309-1321. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 2003;348:2271.]
13. Hostetter TH, Ibrahim HN. Aldosterone in chronic kidney and cardiac disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14:2395-2401.
14. Young DB, Smith MJ Jr, Jackson TE, Scott RE. Multiplicative interaction between angiotensin II and K concentration in stimulation of aldosterone. Am J Physiol 1984;247:E328-E335.
15. Pratt JH, Rothrock JK, Dominguez JH. Evidence that angiotensin-II and potassium collaborate to increase cytosolic calcium and stimulate the secretion of aldosterone. Endocrinology 1989;125:2463-2469.
16. Shier DN, Kusano E, Stoner GD, Franco-Saenz R, Mulrow PJ. Production of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone by adrenal explant cultures: response to potassium and converting enzyme inhibition. Endocrinology 1989;125:486-491.
17. Palmer BF. Renal dysfunction complicating the treatment of hypertension. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1256-1261.
18. Palmer BF, Levi M. Effect of aging on renal function and disease. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner & Rector's the kidney. 5th ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1996:2274-96.
19. De Fronzo RA. Hyperkalemia and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Kidney Int 1980;17:118-134.
20. Arruda J, Batlle D, Sehy J, Roseman M, Baronowski R, Kurtzman NA. Hyperkalemia and renal insufficiency: role of selective aldosterone deficiency and tubular unresponsiveness to aldosterone. Am J Nephrol 1981;1:160-167.
21. Zimran A, Kramer M, Plaskin M, Hershko C. Incidence of hyperkalaemia induced by indomethacin in a hospital population. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985;291:107-108.
22. Palmer BF. Renal complications associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. J Investig Med 1995;43:516-533.
23. Campbell WB, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Adams BV, Schmitz JM, Itskovitz HD. Attenuation of angiotensin II- and III-induced aldosterone release by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. J Clin Invest 1979;64:1552-1557.
24. Hay E, Derazon H, Bukish N, Katz L, Kruglyakov I, Armoni M. Fatal hyperkalemia related to combined therapy with a COX-2 inhibitor, ACE inhibitor and potassium rich diet. J Emerg Med 2002;22:349-352.
25. Kaplan B, Wang Z, Abecassis MM, Fryer JP, Stuart FP, Kaufman DB. Frequency of hyperkalemia in recipients of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplants with bladder drainage. Transplantation 1996;62:1174-1175.
26. Kamel KS, Ethier JH, Quaggin S, et al. Studies to determine the basis for hyperkalemia in recipients of a renal transplant who are treated with cyclosporine. J Am Soc Nephrol 1992;2:1279-1284.
27. Lin J, Valeri AM, Markowitz GS, D'Agati VD, Cohen DJ, Radhakrishnan J. Angiotensin c
2. Rimmer JM, Horn JF, Gennari FJ. Hyperkalemia as a complication of drug therapy. Arch Intern Med 1987;147:867-869.
3. Perazella MA. Drug-induced hyperkalemia: old culprits and new offenders. Am J Med 2000;109:307-314.
4. Ahuja T, Freeman D Jr, Mahnken JD, Agraharkar M, Siddiqui M, Memon A. Predictors of the development of hyperkalemia in patients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Am J Nephrol 2000;20:268-272.
5. Reardon LC, Macpherson DS. Hyperkalemia in outpatients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Arch Intern Med 1998;158:26-32.
6. Shlipak MG. Pharmacotherpay for heart failure in patients with renal insufficiency. Ann Intern Med 2003;138:917-924.
7. Nakao N, Yoshimura A, Morita H, Takada M, Kayano T, Ideura T. Combination treatment of angiotensin-II receptor blocker and angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor in non-diabetic renal disease (COOPERATE): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2003;361:117-124. [Erratum, Lancet 2003;361:1230.]
8. Cohn JN, Tognoni G. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1667-1675.
9. McMurray J, Ostergren J, Swedberg K, et al. Effects of candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left-ventricular systolic function taking angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: the CHARM-Added trial. Lancet 2003;362:767-771.
10. Pfeffer M, McMurray J, Velazquez E, et al. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med 2003;349:1893-1906. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 2004;350:203.]
11. Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. N Engl J Med 1999;341:709-717.
12. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 2003;348:1309-1321. [Erratum, N Engl J Med 2003;348:2271.]
13. Hostetter TH, Ibrahim HN. Aldosterone in chronic kidney and cardiac disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;14:2395-2401.
14. Young DB, Smith MJ Jr, Jackson TE, Scott RE. Multiplicative interaction between angiotensin II and K concentration in stimulation of aldosterone. Am J Physiol 1984;247:E328-E335.
15. Pratt JH, Rothrock JK, Dominguez JH. Evidence that angiotensin-II and potassium collaborate to increase cytosolic calcium and stimulate the secretion of aldosterone. Endocrinology 1989;125:2463-2469.
16. Shier DN, Kusano E, Stoner GD, Franco-Saenz R, Mulrow PJ. Production of renin, angiotensin II, and aldosterone by adrenal explant cultures: response to potassium and converting enzyme inhibition. Endocrinology 1989;125:486-491.
17. Palmer BF. Renal dysfunction complicating the treatment of hypertension. N Engl J Med 2002;347:1256-1261.
18. Palmer BF, Levi M. Effect of aging on renal function and disease. In: Brenner BM, ed. Brenner & Rector's the kidney. 5th ed. Vol. 2. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1996:2274-96.
19. De Fronzo RA. Hyperkalemia and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. Kidney Int 1980;17:118-134.
20. Arruda J, Batlle D, Sehy J, Roseman M, Baronowski R, Kurtzman NA. Hyperkalemia and renal insufficiency: role of selective aldosterone deficiency and tubular unresponsiveness to aldosterone. Am J Nephrol 1981;1:160-167.
21. Zimran A, Kramer M, Plaskin M, Hershko C. Incidence of hyperkalaemia induced by indomethacin in a hospital population. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 1985;291:107-108.
22. Palmer BF. Renal complications associated with use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents. J Investig Med 1995;43:516-533.
23. Campbell WB, Gomez-Sanchez CE, Adams BV, Schmitz JM, Itskovitz HD. Attenuation of angiotensin II- and III-induced aldosterone release by prostaglandin synthesis inhibitors. J Clin Invest 1979;64:1552-1557.
24. Hay E, Derazon H, Bukish N, Katz L, Kruglyakov I, Armoni M. Fatal hyperkalemia related to combined therapy with a COX-2 inhibitor, ACE inhibitor and potassium rich diet. J Emerg Med 2002;22:349-352.
25. Kaplan B, Wang Z, Abecassis MM, Fryer JP, Stuart FP, Kaufman DB. Frequency of hyperkalemia in recipients of simultaneous pancreas and kidney transplants with bladder drainage. Transplantation 1996;62:1174-1175.
26. Kamel KS, Ethier JH, Quaggin S, et al. Studies to determine the basis for hyperkalemia in recipients of a renal transplant who are treated with cyclosporine. J Am Soc Nephrol 1992;2:1279-1284.
27. Lin J, Valeri AM, Markowitz GS, D'Agati VD, Cohen DJ, Radhakrishnan J. Angiotensin c
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