Una herramienta diagnóstica

Endoscopía intervencionista gástrica

A pesar de los avances en el campo de la endoscopía intervencionista, es necesario mejorar el confort del paciente, la certeza diagnóstica y la eficacia terapéutica.

Artículos

/ Publicado el 11 de junio de 2003

Autor/a: Dr. Wahid Wassef

Fuente: Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 18:669-677. 2002.

Indice
1. Bibliografía
2. Desarrollo
3. Técnicas de Endoscopía intervencionista
4. Tratamiento farmacológico
5. Endoecografía
6. Conclusiones: Orientación futura

Estudios de interés particular, publicados dentro del período anual de la revisión:

*  De interés especial
** De interés excepcional

1- Wong RCK:The menu of endoscopic sedation:al you-can-eat, combination set, a la carte, alternative cuisine, or go hungry. Gastrointest Endosc 2001, 54;122-126.

* 2- Adachi W, Yazawa K, Owe M, et al. Quantification of cardiac stress during EGD without sedation. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:58-64. [Although previously suspected, The first study that documents the amount of stress imposed on a patient by a procedure without sedation, although such was previously suspected.]

3-  LaLuna L, Allen ML, DiMarino J: The comparison of midazolam end topicel lidocaine spray versus the combination of midazolam, meperidine, and topical lidocajne spray to sedate patients for upper endoscopy. Gsstrointest Endosc 2001, 53:289-293.

4-  Froehlich F, Schwizer W, Thorens J, et el.: Conscious sedation for gastroscopy: patient tolerance and  cardiorespirstory parameters. Gastroenterology 1998, 108:697-704.

5-  Cohen J, Haber GB, Dorais JAL, et el.: A randomized, double-blind study of the use of droporidol for conscious sedation during therepautic endoscopy in difficult to sedate patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2000, 51:546-551.

6-  Koshy G, Nalr S, Norkus EP, st al.: Propofol versus midazolam and meperidine for conscious sedation in GI endoscopy. Am J Gestroenterol 2000, 95:1476-1479.

*7-  Rex DK, Oveliey C, Kinser K, et al.: Safety of propofol administered by registered nurses with gestroenterologist supervision in 2000 endoscopic cases. Am J Gastroenterol 2002, 97:I 159-1163. [The largest published series to date in which propofol was used. Reports its safety in more than 2000 cases where GI nurses, under GI physician supervision, administered the drug. It will be a formidable study for anyone to reproduce.]

8- Vargo J J, Zuccaro G, Dumot JA, et el.: Automated graphic assessment of respiratory activity is superior to pulse oximetry and visual assessment for the detection of early respiratory depression during therapeutic upper endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:826-831.

9-  Kulling D, Fantin AC, Biro P, et el.: Safer colonoscopy with patient-controlled analgesia.and sedation with propofoi and alfentaniL Gastrointest Endosc  2001, 54:1-7

10- Sipe BW, Rex DK, Latinovich D, et al.: Propofol versus midazolam/meperidine  for outpatient colonoscopy administered by nurses supervised by endoscopiers. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:815-825.

11- Technology Status Evaluation Report: Transmission of infection by gastrointestinal endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2001,54:824-828.

12-  Brullet E, Ramirez-Armengol JA, Campo R, Cleaning and disinfection practices in digestive endoscopy in Spain: results of a national survey. Endoscopy 2001,33:864-868.

13- Technology Status Evaluation Report: Endoscopic hemostatic devices. Gastrointest Endosc 2001, 54:833-840.

14- Technology Status Evaluation Report: The argon plasma ccagulstor. Gestrointest Endosc 2002, 55:807-810.

15- Chung SSC, t.su JY~/V, Sung JYW, et eL: Randomized comparison between adrenaline injection alone and adrenaline injection plus heat probe treatment for actively bleeding ulcers. BMJ 1997, 314:1307-1311.

16-  Laine L, Estrada R: Randomized trial of normal saline solution injection versus bipolar electrocoagulation for treatment of patients with high-risk bleeding ulcers: is local tamponade enough? Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:6-10.

17- Pescatore P, Jornod P, Borovicka J, et el.: Epinephrine versus epinephrine plus fibrin glue injection in peptic ulcer bleeding: a prospective randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:348-353.

18- Lin Hsieh Y-H, Tseng G-Y, et el.: A prospective, randomized trial of large versus small-volume endoscopic injection of epinephrine for peptic ulcer bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:615-619.

19- Matsui S. Kamiseko T, Kudo M, et aL: Endoscopic band fijation for control of nonvariceal upper GI hemorrhage: comparison with bipolar electrocoagulation. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:214-218.

20- Cipolietta L, Bianco MA, Merino R, et al: Endoclips versus heater probe in preventing early recurrent bleeding from peptic ulcer: a prospective and randomized trial. Gastrointest Endosc 2001, 53:147-151.

21- Gevers A-M, Goede ED, Simoens M, et al: A randomized trial comparing injection therapy with hemoclifp and with injection combines with hemoclip bleeding ulcers. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:466-489

22- Nikolaidis N, Zerzos P, Giouleme O et al : Endoscopic band ligation of Dieulafoy-like lesions in upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy 2001

21- Gevers A-M, Goede ED, Simoens M, et al: A randomized trial comparing injection therapy with homoclip and with injection combined with hemoclip for bleeding ulcers. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:466-469.

22- Nikolaidis N, Zezos P, Giouleme O, et al: Endoscopic band ligation of Dieu       lafoy-like lesions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. Endoscopy 2001, 33:?54-760.

23- Kasapidis P, Georgopoulos P, Delis V, et al.: Endoscopic management and long-term follow-up of Dieulafoy's lesions in the upper GI tract. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:527-531.

24- Huang S-P, Wang H-P, Lee Y-C, et al.: Endoscopic homoclip placement and epinephrine injection for Mallory-Weiss syndrome with active bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:842-846.

25- Sherara AI, Rockey DC: Gastrointestinal variceal hemorrhage. N Engl J Med 2001,345:669-682.

26- Nguyen A J, Baron TH, Burgart U, et al.: 2-Octyl-cyanoacrylate (Dermabond),a new glue for variceal injection therapy; results of a preliminary animal study. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:572-576.

27- Chen W-C, Hou M-C, Lin H-C, et al.: Bacteremia after endoscopic injection of N-buty-2-cyanoacrylate for gastric variceal bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2001,54:214-218.

28- Hussain H, Lapin S, Cappell MS: Clinical scoring systems for determining the prognosis of gastrointestinal bleeding. Gastroenterol Clin North Am 2000, 29:445-464.

29- Church NI, Palmer KR: Relevance of the Rockall score in patients undergoing endoscopic therapy for peptic ulcer hemorrhage. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001, 13:1149-1152.

30- Lin H-J, Lo W-C, Lee F-Y, et al.: A prospective randomized comparative trial showing that omeprazole prevents rebleeding in patients with bleeding peptic ulcer after successful endoscopic therapy. Arch intern Med 1998, 158:54-58.

31- Lau JYW, Sung J.Iy, Lee KKC, et al.: Effect of intravenous omeprazole on recurrent bleeding after endoscopic treatment of bleeding peptic ulcers. N Engl J Med 2000, 343:310-316.

32- Udd M, Miettinen P, Palmu A, et al: Regular-dose versus high-dose omeprazole in peptic ulcer bleeding: a prospective randomized double-blind study. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001,36:1332-1338.

33- Vergara M, Casellas F, Saperas E, et al.: Helycobacter pylori eradication prevents recurrence from peptic ulcer hemorrhage. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2000, 12:733-73?.

34- Lee JM, Breslin NP, Fallon C, et al: Rapid urease tests lack sensitivity in Helicobacter pylori diagnosis when peptic ulcer disease presents with bleeding. Am J Gastroenterol 2000, 95:1166-1170.

35- Houghton JM, Ramamoorthy R, Pandya H, etal.: Human plasma is directly bactericidal against Helicobacter pylori in vitro, potentially explaining the decreased detection of Helicobacter pylori during acute upper GI bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:11-16.

36- Grino P, Pascual S, Such J, etal.: Comparison of diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Scand J Gastroenterol 2001,36:1254-1258.

** 37- Lai KC, Lam SK, Chu KM, et aL: Lansoprazole for the prevention of recurrence of ulcer complications from long-term bw-dose aspirin use. N En91 J Med 2002, 346:2033-2038.[Excellent, well-designed study that demonstrates the importance of long-term proton pump inhibitor therapy in preventing recurrence of ulcers in patients who are maintained on chronic low-dose aspirin use.]

38- Bombardier C, Laine L, Reicin A, et al.: Comparison of upper gastrointestinal toxicity of rofecoxib and naproxen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl
J Med 2000, 343:1520-1528.

39- Silverstein FE, Faich G, Goldstein ]L, et al.: Gastrointestinal toxicity with celecoxib versus nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. JAMA 2000, 284:1247-1255.

** 40- Byrne MF, Jowell PS: Gastrointestinal imaging: endoscopic ultrasound, Gastroenterology 2002, 122:1631-1648.[Succinct, up-to-date review on endosonography. It includes information on the latest technology in the field, its impact on the diagnosis and therapy of the various gastrointestinal disease states, and its projected future role. An excellent review with 146 references.]

41- Kelly S, Harris KM, Berry E, et al.: A systematic review of the staging performance of endoscopic ultrasound in gastro-esophageal carcinoma. Gut 2001, 49:534-539.

* 42- Ando N, Goto H, Niwa Y, et al.: The diagnosis of GI stromal tumors with EUS-guided fine needle aspiration with immunohistochemical analysis, Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:37-43.[A study that combines the latest frontiers in research-the latest in endoscopic technology (EUS-guided fine needle aspiration) with the latest in molecular research (c-kit mutations) to identify GI stromal tumors.]

43- Hino S, Kakutani H, Ikeda K, et al.: Hemodynamic analysis of esophageal   varices using color Poppier endoscopic ultrasonography to predict recurrence alter endoscopic treatment. Endoscopy 2001,33:869-872.

44- Lugedng N, Menzel J, Kucharzik T, et al.: Impact of miniprobes compared with conventional endosonography in the staging of low-grade gastdc MALT lyrephoma. Endoscopy 2001,33:832-837.

45- Fusaroli P. Buscarini E, Peyre S, et al.: Interobserver agreement in staging
gastric malt lymphoma by EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:662-668.

46- Rembacken B J, Gotoda T, Axon ATR: Endoscopic mucosal resection. Endoscopy 2001, 33:709-718.

47- Tada M: Endoscopic mucosal resection of the stomach: initial description. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2001, 11:499-510.

48- Suzuki H: Endoscopic mucosal resection using ligating device for early gastric cancer, Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am 2001, 11:511-518.

* 49- Ahmad NA, Kochman ML, Long WB, et al.: Efficacy, safety, and clinical out-
comes of endoscopic mucosal resection: a study of 101 cases. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:390-396.[The largest US series to date using EMR in the Stomach, Complete resection was achieved in 89% of the cases, with a median of 27 months of cancer-free survival and a high incidence of complications (bleeding-22%).]

50- Desilets DJ, Dy RM, Ku PM, et al.: Endoscopic management of tumors of the
major duodenal papilla: refined techniques to improve outcome and avoid complications. Gastrointest Endosc 2001,54:202-208.

51- Wada S, Higashizawa T, Tamads K, et al,: Endoscopic partial resection of a duodenal duplication cyst. Endoscopy 2001,33:808-810.

52- Rice D, Geller A, Bender CE, et al.: Surgical and interventional palliative treatment of upper gastrointestinal malignancies. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatot 2000, 12:403-408.

53- Baron TH: Expandable metal stents for the treatment of cancerous obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract. N Engl J Mad 2001,344:1681-1687.

* 54- Kim JH, Yoo, BM, Lee K.I, et al.: Self-expanding coil stent with a long delivery system for palliation of unresectalale malignant gastdc outlet obstruction: a prospective study. Endoscopy 2001, 33:838-842.

* 55- Yim HB, Jacobson BC, Saltzman JR, et al.: Clinical outcome of the use of enteral stents for palliation of patients with malignant upper GI obstruction. Gastrointest Endosc 2001,53:329-332. [These two studies ]54,55] represent the largest published series in the literature evaluating the impact of stenting on gastroduodenal obstruction. They demonstrate that, in expert hands, the technique represents a feasible way to help palliate an otherwise difficult problem.]

56- Standards of Practice Committee: Role of endoscopy in enteral feeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:794-797.

57- Scolapio JS, Spangler PR, Romano MM, et al: Prophylactic placement of gastrostomy feeding tubes before radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer. J Clin Gastroenterol 2001,33:215-217.

58- Taller A, Horvath E, ilias L, et al.: Technical modifications for improving the success rate of PEG tube placement in patients with head and neck cancer. Gastrointest Endosc 2001,54:633-636.

59- Kulling D, Bauerfeind P, Fried M; Transnasal versus transoral endoscopy for the placement of nasoenteral feeding tubes in critically ill patients. Gastrointest Endosc 2000, 52:506-510.

** 60- DiSario JA, Baskin WN, Brown RD, et aL: Endoscopic approaches to enteral nutrition support. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:901-908.[An excellent review by an expert panel on the indications, contraindications, and complications that can develop from PEG tube placement. It also provides tips on important techniques to use in the placement of prepyloric and postpyloric enteral feeding tubes and the newly described direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy; contains 72 references.]

61- Adler DG, Gostout C.), Baron TH: Percutaneous transgastric placement of jejunal feeding tubes with an ultrathin endoscope. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:106-110.

62- Dharmarajan TS, Unnikrishnan D, Pitchumoni CS: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and outcome in dementia. Am J Gastroentero12001, 96:2556-2563.

63- Schurink CAM, Tuynman H, Scholten P, et aL: Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy: complications and suggestions to avoid them. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 200t, 13:819-823.

** 64- Shaker R, Easterling C, Kern M. et at.: Rehabilitation of swallowing by exercise in tube-fed patients with pharyngeal dysphagia secondary to abnormal EUS opening. Gastroenterology 2002, 122:1314-1321.[A unique clinical study demonstrating the successful rehabilitation of swallowing by exercise in a special group of patients with abnormal EUS opening and its resulting enteral independence. This type of study serves to underscore the importance of speech therapy and rehabilitation on select patients with oropharyngeal disorders.]

65- Gorelick AB, Inadomi JM, Barnett JL: Unsedated small-caliber esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD). J Clin Gastroenterol 2001,33:210-214.

66- Andre VG, Erik F, Alain S, et al.: A prospective comparative study between push-enteroscopy and wireless video capsule in patients with obscure digestive bleeding. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:AB88.

67- Eisen GM, Kim CY, Fleischer DE, et al.: High-resolution chromoendoscopy for classifying colonic polyps: a multicenter study. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55:687-694.

68- Bhunchet E, Hatakawa H, Sakai Y, et al.: Fluorescein electronic endoscopy: a novel method for detection of early stage gastric cancer not evident to routine endoscopy. Gastrointest Endosc 2002, 55;562-571.

69- Das A, Sivak MV, Chak A, et at.: High resolution endoscopic imaging of the GI tract: a comparative study of optical coherence tomography versus high-frequency catheter probe EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 2001,54:219-224.

70-  Hashiba K, Carvaiho AM, Diniz G, et al.: Experimental endoscopic repair of gastric pertorations with an omentat patch and clips. Gastrointest Endosc 2001,54:500-504.

71- Neumann M, Hochberger J, Felzmann T, et al,: The Erlanger endo-trainer. Endoscopy 2001, 33:887-890.

72- Bhutani MS, Aveyard M, Stills HF: improved modeI for teaching interventional EUS. Gastrointest Endosc 2000, 52:400-403.