Un trabajo publicado en el "Journal of the National Cancer Institute" muestra que el uso de un derivado de la vitamina A, llamado ácido retinoico 9-cis (9-cis-RA), restaura en ex fumadores la producción de una proteína que se considera crucial para prevenir el desarrollo del cáncer de pulmón, tal como escriben investigadores del M. D. Anderson Cancer Center de la Universidad of Texas (Estados Unidos).
Aún no disponen de evidencia clara de que 3 meses de terapia con este derivado restauren la salud de células que ya eran precancerosas, si bien los autores consideran que su hallazgo demuesta que la quimioprevención del cáncer es factible.
El 9-cis-RA revierte una anomalía genética asociada al desarrollo de este tipo de tumor. "El trabajo demuestra el concepto de que sustancias como esta pueden ejercer un efecto protector contra el desarrollo de lesiones precancerosas", señalan, añadiendo que se trata del primer estudio sobre quimioprevención en ex fumadores.
Participaron 226 ex fumadores, que fueron distribuidos en tres grupos para recibir suplementos de 9-cis-RA, suplementos de otro derivado el 13-cis-RA- o placebo. Los pacientes fueron sometidos a biopsia pulmonar antes del tratamiento, a los 3 meses de iniciada la terapia y a los 3 meses de finalizada. Los resultados muestran que el tratamiento con 9-cis-RA incrementó la expresión de los receptores beta del ácido retinoico (RAR-beta), de forma significativa respecto a los otros dos grupos.
Journal or the National Cancer Institute 2003;95:206-214
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MD Anderson Cancer Center
Journal or the National Cancer Institute
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