El primero, firmado por investigadores italianos de la Universidad de Nápoles, es un ensayos clínico con 180 pacientes, distribuidos aleatoriamente para seguir una dieta de estilo mediterráneo u otra dieta –que denominaron "prudente"-, consistente en un 50-60% de hidratos de carbono, 15-20% de proteínas y menos del 30% de grasa total.
Tras dos años de seguimiento, los pacientes del primer grupo presentaron un ratio más bajo de ácidos grasos omega-6 y omega-3. Además, al final del estudio, 78 de los 90 pacientes sometidos a la dieta "prudente" seguían presentando síndrome metabólico frente a sólo 40 de los 90 que siguieron la dieta mediterránea.
El segundo estudio, firmado por médicos holandeses de la Universidad de Wageningen, evaluó el efecto de la dieta mediterránea y otros factores de estilo de vida sobre la tasa de supervivencia a 10 años en personas de edad avanzada.
Analizaron datos de 1.507 varones y de 832 mujeres aparentemente sanos, incluidos en al estudio HALE (healthy Aging: a Longitudinal study in Europe).
Entre 1988 y 2000 fallecieron 935 participantes del estudio, la mayoría a causa de enfermedades cardiovasculares y cáncer.
Los resultados muestran que la dieta mediterránea se asoció a una disminución del riesgo de mortalidad por cualquier causa de un 23%; el consumo moderado de alcohol a un 22%; el ejercicio físico a un 37% y el hecho de no fumar a un 35%.
Webs Relacionadas
Seconda Università degli studi di Napoli
http://193.206.103.214/
Wageningen University
http://www.wau.nl/
JAMA 2004;292:1433-1439
http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/abstract/292/12/1433/
JAMA
http://jama.ama-assn.org/
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