Han observado que, además de regular la ingesta de alimento y el gasto de energía mediante a supresión del apetito, esta hormona también afecta a otros procesos fisiológicos e inmunológicos. Al respecto, explican que se han encontrado receptores de leptina en cartílago humano normal.
El estudio es el primero que ha detectado la hormona en líquido sinovial de pacientes con artrosis, y que sus concentraciones eran mayores en los pacientes con mayor peso. Así, comentan que los niveles eran anómalamente elevados en las células productoras de cartílago artrósico, y que la proporción de células productoras de leptina es proporcional a la gravedad de la artrosis.
En experimentos con ratos, observaron también que al inyectar leptina en sus articulaciones se incrementaban los niveles de distintas sustancias antiinflamatorias. Por todo ello, concluyen que la hormona parece desempeñar un papel importante en la patogénesis de la enfermedad.
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