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Los investigadores identificaron a 178 mujeres con cáncer cervical invasivo y las compararon a otro grupo sin cáncer que sirvió de control. En todas ellas, se hicieron medidas de anticuerpos de Chlamydia, en muestras sanguíneas. En el caso de las pacientes con cáncer cervical, se analizaron las primeras muestras de sangre tomadas antes de que se les diagnosticase la enfermedad.
Los anticuerpos de Chlamydia se asociaron con el doble de riesgo de carcinoma cervical de células escamosas en casos de infección persistente (más de 3,5 años de media).