Si llega ponerse en marcha una campaña de vacunación masiva contra la viruela, se producirán muchos más casos de efectos adversos que en el pasado, según advierten expertos estadounidenses en el último número de "JAMA".
Explican que la vacuna contiene vaccinia, un virus emparentado con el de la viruela que se usa para desencadenar la inmunidad. Esta vacuna puede causar efectos adversos graves que incluso pueden producir la muerte en unos pocos casos, en particular en niños y en personas inmunodeprimidas.
Pero además, según señalan, si se deja de inmunizar a las personas de riesgo, se enfrentan a la posibilidad de contagiarse por el virus vaccinia a través de otras que han sido vacunadas, especialmente en las primeras semanas tras la inmunización.
Por todo ello, sería necesaria una monitorización y un cribado cuidadosos para identificar a las personas con alto riesgo de desarrollar efectos adversos graves, algo que es factible en pequeñas campañas de inmunización pero extremadamente complicado en un programa de ámbito nacional.
JAMA 2002;288:1901-1904
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