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La Enfermedad de Kawasaki se ha transformado en los países desarrollados en la causa más importante de cardiopatía adquirida, sobrepasando inclusive a la fiebre reumática.Su etiología es desconocida y el diagnóstico se basa en los mismos criterios clínicos utilizados por el Dr. T. Kawasaki cuando describía la enfermedad por primera vez en Japón en 1967.
Sus características clínicas son inespecíficas y su presentación puede ser atípica o incompleta, y además se va desarrollando con el correr de los días, lo que hace al diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento oportuno difíciles.
Las demoras en el diagnóstico y en el tratamiento que ocurren mas frecuentemente en los niños menores de 1 año o mayores de 9 años se asocian con un riesgo aumentado de lesiones de las arterias coronarias. Por lo tanto son necesarios tanto una alta sospecha diagnóstica como estudios completos tempranos para reducir las complicaciones cardiacas.