Artículos
Publicado el 18 de diciembre de 2007
De la evidencia a la práctica
Dietas para adelgazar populares
En la actualidad, no hay evidencias concluyentes sobre la superioridad a largo plazo de una dieta popular sobre otra para lograr la pérdida de peso.
1. Serdula MK et al. (1999) Prevalence of attempting weight loss and strategies for controlling weight. JAMA 282: 1353–1358
2. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (online June 1998) Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults [http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ practgde.htm] (accessed 27 October 2006)
3. Freedman MR et al. (2001) Popular diets: a scientific review. Obes Res 9 (Suppl 1): S1–S40
4. American Heart Association Nutrition Committee (2006) Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation 114: 82–96
5. Deckelbaum RJ et al. (1999) Summary of a scientific conference on preventive nutrition: pediatrics to geriatrics. Circulation 100: 450–456
6. Ornish D (1997) Every Day Cooking with Dean Ornish. New York: Harper Collins 7 Willett WC (2002) Dietary fat plays a major role in obesity: no. Obes Rev 3: 59–68
7. Gross LS et al. (2004) Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 774–779
8. Toubro S and Astrup A (1997) Randomised comparison of diets for maintaining obese subjects’ weight after major weight loss: ad lib, low fat, high carbohydrate diet v fixed energy intake. BMJ 314: 29–34
9. Abete I et al. (2006) Different dietary strategies for weight loss in obesity: role of energy and macronutrient content. Nutr Res Rev 19: 5–17
10. Atkins R (1998) Dr. Atkins’ New Diet Revolution. New York: Avon Books
11. Steward L et al. (2003) The New Sugar Busters!: Cut Sugar to Trim Fat. New York: The Ballantine Publishing Group
12. Sears B (1995) The Zone: A Dietary Road Map to Lose Weight Permanently. New York: Harper Collins Agatston A (2003) The South Beach Diet: The Delicious, Doctor-Designed, Foolproof Plan for Fast and Healthy Weight Loss. New York: Random House
13. Brehm BJ et al. (2003) A randomized trial comparing very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1617–1623
14. Crowe TC (2005) Safety of low-carbohydrate diets. Obes Rev 6: 235–245
15. Bravata DM et al. (2003) Efficacy and safety of low carbohydrate diets: a systematic review. JAMA 289:1837–1850
16. Astrup A et al. (2004) Atkins and other low carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss? Lancet 364: 897–899
17. Buchholz AC and Schoeller DA (2004) Is a calorie a calorie? Am J Clin Nutr 79 (Suppl): S899–S906
18. Bray GA (2003) Low-carbohydrate diets and realities of weight loss. JAMA 289: 1853–1855
19. Nordmann AJ et al. (2006). Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 166: 285–293
20. Halton TL et al. (2006) Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 355: 1991–2002
21. Serra-Majem L et al. (2006) Scientific evidence of interventions using the Mediterranean diet: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 64 (Suppl 1): S27–S47
22. Willett WC et al. (1995) Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating. Am J Clin Nutr 61(Suppl 6): S1402–S1406
23. Bray GA and Popkin BM (1998) Dietary fat intake does affect obesity! Am J Clin Nutr 68: 1157–1173
24. Howard BV et al. (2006) Low-fat dietary pattern and weight change over 7 years: the Women’s Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 295: 39–49
25. US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services (online 10 May 2005) Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. [http://www.health.gov/DietaryGuidelines/ 1990thin.pdf] (accessed 6 October 2006)
26. Jebb SA (2005) Dietary strategies for the prevention of obesity. Proc Nutr Soc 64:217–227
27. McMillan-Price J et al. (2006) Comparison of 4 diets of varying glycemic load on weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight and obese young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 166: 1466–1475
28. Liu S (2006) Lowering dietary glycemic load for weight control and cardiovascular health: a matter of quality. Arch Intern Med 166: 1438–1439
29. Howard BV et al. (2006) Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 295: 655–666
30. Astrup A (1993) Dietary composition, substrate balances and body fat in subjects with a predisposition to obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 17 (Suppl 3): S32–S36
31. McDevitt RM et al. (2000) Macronutrient disposal during controlled overfeeding with glucose, fructose, sucrose, or fat in lean and obese women. Am J Clin Nutr 72: 369–377
32. Flatt J (1985) Energetics of intermediary metabolism. In Substrate and Energy Metabolism in Man, 58–69 (Eds Garrow JS and Halliday D) London: John Libbey and Co
33. Hu FB (2005) Protein, body weight, and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr 82 (Suppl 1): S242–S247
34. Feinman RD and Fine EJ (2003) Thermodynamics and metabolic advantage of weight loss diets. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 1: 209–219
35. Sharman MJ et al. (2002) A ketogenic diet favourably affects serum biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in normal-weight men. J Nutr 132: 1879–1885
36. Fine EJ and Feinman RD (2004) Thermodynamics of weight loss diets. Nutr Metab (Lond) 1: 15
37. Segal-Isaacson CJ et al. (2004) A randomized trial comparing low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets matched for energy and protein. Obes Res 12 (Suppl 2):S130–S140
38. Halton TL and Hu FB (2004) The effects of high protein diets on thermogenesis, satiety and weight loss: a critical review. J Am Coll Nutr 23: 373–385
39. Brehm BJ et al. (2005) The role of energy expenditure in the differential weight loss in obese women on low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 1475–1482
40. Erlanson-Albertsson C and Mei J (2005) The effect of low carbohydrate on energy metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond) 29 (Suppl 2): S26–S30
41. Adam-Perrot A et al. (2006) Low-carbohydrate diets: nutritional and physiological aspects. Obes Rev 7: 49–58
42. Haymond MW et al. (1982) Differences in circulating gluconeogenic substrates during short-term fasting in men, women, and children. Metabolism 31: 33–42
43. Denke MA (2001) Metabolic effects of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets. Am J Cardiol 88: 59–61
44. Yang MU and Van Itallie TB (1976) Composition of weight lost during short-term weight reduction: metabolic responses of obese subjects to starvation and low-calorie ketogenic and nonketogenic diets. J Clin Invest 58: 722–730
45. Schoeller DA and Buchholz AC (2005) Energetics of obesity and weight control: does diet composition matter? J Am Diet Assoc 105 (Suppl): S24–S28
46. Dansinger ML et al. (2005) Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial. JAMA 293: 43–53
47. Covas MI et al. (2006) The effect of polyphenols in olive oil on heart disease risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 145: 333–341
48. McManus K et al. (2001) A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25: 1503–1511
49. Esposito K et al. (2004) Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial. JAMA 292: 1440–1446
50. Estruch R et al. (2006) Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 145: 1–11
51. Appel LJ et al. (2005) Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the Omni Heart randomized trial. JAMA 294: 2455–2464
52. Barzi F et al. (2003) Mediterranean diet and all-causes mortality after myocardial infarction: results from the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 57: 604–611
53. de Lorgeril M et al. (1999) Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 99: 779–785
54. Hu FB (2003) The Mediterranean diet and mortality— olive oil and beyond. N Engl J Med 348: 2595–2596
55. Vincent S et al. (2004) The Medi-RIVAGE study (Mediterranean Diet, Cardiovascular Risks and Gene Polymorphisms): rationale, recruitment, design, dietary intervention and baseline characteristics of participants. Public Health Nutr 7: 531–542
56. Castagnetta L et al. (2002) The Mediet Project. Ann N Y Acad Sci 963: 282–289
57. Knoops KT et al. (2004) Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: the HALE project. JAMA 292: 1433–1439
58. Willett WC (2006) The Mediterranean diet: science and practice. Public Health Nutr 9: 105–110
59. Riccardi G et al. (2003) Glycemic index of local foods and diets: the Mediterranean experience. Nutr Rev 61 (Suppl): S56–S60
60. Willett WC (2001) Eat Drink and be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating. New York: Free Press
61. Foster GD et al. (2003) A randomized trial of a low carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med 348:2082–2090
62. Samaha FF et al. (2003) A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med 348: 2074–2081
63. Yancy WS Jr et al. (2004) A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 140: 769–777
64. Stern L et al. (2004) The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one year follow-up of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 140: 778–785
Publicado el 18 de diciembre de 2007
De la evidencia a la práctica
Dietas para adelgazar populares
En la actualidad, no hay evidencias concluyentes sobre la superioridad a largo plazo de una dieta popular sobre otra para lograr la pérdida de peso.
Autor/a: Dres. Vasanti S Malik and Frank B Hu
Fuente: Cardiovascular Medicine. Vol 4 No 1. Enero 2007
1. Serdula MK et al. (1999) Prevalence of attempting weight loss and strategies for controlling weight. JAMA 282: 1353–1358
2. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (online June 1998) Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults [http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ practgde.htm] (accessed 27 October 2006)
3. Freedman MR et al. (2001) Popular diets: a scientific review. Obes Res 9 (Suppl 1): S1–S40
4. American Heart Association Nutrition Committee (2006) Diet and lifestyle recommendations revision 2006: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Nutrition Committee. Circulation 114: 82–96
5. Deckelbaum RJ et al. (1999) Summary of a scientific conference on preventive nutrition: pediatrics to geriatrics. Circulation 100: 450–456
6. Ornish D (1997) Every Day Cooking with Dean Ornish. New York: Harper Collins 7 Willett WC (2002) Dietary fat plays a major role in obesity: no. Obes Rev 3: 59–68
7. Gross LS et al. (2004) Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment. Am J Clin Nutr 79: 774–779
8. Toubro S and Astrup A (1997) Randomised comparison of diets for maintaining obese subjects’ weight after major weight loss: ad lib, low fat, high carbohydrate diet v fixed energy intake. BMJ 314: 29–34
9. Abete I et al. (2006) Different dietary strategies for weight loss in obesity: role of energy and macronutrient content. Nutr Res Rev 19: 5–17
10. Atkins R (1998) Dr. Atkins’ New Diet Revolution. New York: Avon Books
11. Steward L et al. (2003) The New Sugar Busters!: Cut Sugar to Trim Fat. New York: The Ballantine Publishing Group
12. Sears B (1995) The Zone: A Dietary Road Map to Lose Weight Permanently. New York: Harper Collins Agatston A (2003) The South Beach Diet: The Delicious, Doctor-Designed, Foolproof Plan for Fast and Healthy Weight Loss. New York: Random House
13. Brehm BJ et al. (2003) A randomized trial comparing very low carbohydrate diet and a calorie-restricted low fat diet on body weight and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 88:1617–1623
14. Crowe TC (2005) Safety of low-carbohydrate diets. Obes Rev 6: 235–245
15. Bravata DM et al. (2003) Efficacy and safety of low carbohydrate diets: a systematic review. JAMA 289:1837–1850
16. Astrup A et al. (2004) Atkins and other low carbohydrate diets: hoax or an effective tool for weight loss? Lancet 364: 897–899
17. Buchholz AC and Schoeller DA (2004) Is a calorie a calorie? Am J Clin Nutr 79 (Suppl): S899–S906
18. Bray GA (2003) Low-carbohydrate diets and realities of weight loss. JAMA 289: 1853–1855
19. Nordmann AJ et al. (2006). Effects of low-carbohydrate vs low-fat diets on weight loss and cardiovascular risk factors: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med 166: 285–293
20. Halton TL et al. (2006) Low-carbohydrate-diet score and the risk of coronary heart disease in women. N Engl J Med 355: 1991–2002
21. Serra-Majem L et al. (2006) Scientific evidence of interventions using the Mediterranean diet: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 64 (Suppl 1): S27–S47
22. Willett WC et al. (1995) Mediterranean diet pyramid: a cultural model for healthy eating. Am J Clin Nutr 61(Suppl 6): S1402–S1406
23. Bray GA and Popkin BM (1998) Dietary fat intake does affect obesity! Am J Clin Nutr 68: 1157–1173
24. Howard BV et al. (2006) Low-fat dietary pattern and weight change over 7 years: the Women’s Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 295: 39–49
25. US Department of Agriculture and US Department of Health and Human Services (online 10 May 2005) Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. [http://www.health.gov/DietaryGuidelines/ 1990thin.pdf] (accessed 6 October 2006)
26. Jebb SA (2005) Dietary strategies for the prevention of obesity. Proc Nutr Soc 64:217–227
27. McMillan-Price J et al. (2006) Comparison of 4 diets of varying glycemic load on weight loss and cardiovascular risk reduction in overweight and obese young adults: a randomized controlled trial. Arch Intern Med 166: 1466–1475
28. Liu S (2006) Lowering dietary glycemic load for weight control and cardiovascular health: a matter of quality. Arch Intern Med 166: 1438–1439
29. Howard BV et al. (2006) Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Controlled Dietary Modification Trial. JAMA 295: 655–666
30. Astrup A (1993) Dietary composition, substrate balances and body fat in subjects with a predisposition to obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 17 (Suppl 3): S32–S36
31. McDevitt RM et al. (2000) Macronutrient disposal during controlled overfeeding with glucose, fructose, sucrose, or fat in lean and obese women. Am J Clin Nutr 72: 369–377
32. Flatt J (1985) Energetics of intermediary metabolism. In Substrate and Energy Metabolism in Man, 58–69 (Eds Garrow JS and Halliday D) London: John Libbey and Co
33. Hu FB (2005) Protein, body weight, and cardiovascular health. Am J Clin Nutr 82 (Suppl 1): S242–S247
34. Feinman RD and Fine EJ (2003) Thermodynamics and metabolic advantage of weight loss diets. Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders 1: 209–219
35. Sharman MJ et al. (2002) A ketogenic diet favourably affects serum biomarkers for cardiovascular disease in normal-weight men. J Nutr 132: 1879–1885
36. Fine EJ and Feinman RD (2004) Thermodynamics of weight loss diets. Nutr Metab (Lond) 1: 15
37. Segal-Isaacson CJ et al. (2004) A randomized trial comparing low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets matched for energy and protein. Obes Res 12 (Suppl 2):S130–S140
38. Halton TL and Hu FB (2004) The effects of high protein diets on thermogenesis, satiety and weight loss: a critical review. J Am Coll Nutr 23: 373–385
39. Brehm BJ et al. (2005) The role of energy expenditure in the differential weight loss in obese women on low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90: 1475–1482
40. Erlanson-Albertsson C and Mei J (2005) The effect of low carbohydrate on energy metabolism. Int J Obes (Lond) 29 (Suppl 2): S26–S30
41. Adam-Perrot A et al. (2006) Low-carbohydrate diets: nutritional and physiological aspects. Obes Rev 7: 49–58
42. Haymond MW et al. (1982) Differences in circulating gluconeogenic substrates during short-term fasting in men, women, and children. Metabolism 31: 33–42
43. Denke MA (2001) Metabolic effects of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets. Am J Cardiol 88: 59–61
44. Yang MU and Van Itallie TB (1976) Composition of weight lost during short-term weight reduction: metabolic responses of obese subjects to starvation and low-calorie ketogenic and nonketogenic diets. J Clin Invest 58: 722–730
45. Schoeller DA and Buchholz AC (2005) Energetics of obesity and weight control: does diet composition matter? J Am Diet Assoc 105 (Suppl): S24–S28
46. Dansinger ML et al. (2005) Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction: a randomized trial. JAMA 293: 43–53
47. Covas MI et al. (2006) The effect of polyphenols in olive oil on heart disease risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 145: 333–341
48. McManus K et al. (2001) A randomized controlled trial of a moderate-fat, low-energy diet compared with a low fat, low-energy diet for weight loss in overweight adults. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 25: 1503–1511
49. Esposito K et al. (2004) Effect of a Mediterranean-style diet on endothelial dysfunction and markers of vascular inflammation in the metabolic syndrome: a randomized trial. JAMA 292: 1440–1446
50. Estruch R et al. (2006) Effects of a Mediterranean-style diet on cardiovascular risk factors: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 145: 1–11
51. Appel LJ et al. (2005) Effects of protein, monounsaturated fat, and carbohydrate intake on blood pressure and serum lipids: results of the Omni Heart randomized trial. JAMA 294: 2455–2464
52. Barzi F et al. (2003) Mediterranean diet and all-causes mortality after myocardial infarction: results from the GISSI-Prevenzione trial. Eur J Clin Nutr 57: 604–611
53. de Lorgeril M et al. (1999) Mediterranean diet, traditional risk factors, and the rate of cardiovascular complications after myocardial infarction: final report of the Lyon Diet Heart Study. Circulation 99: 779–785
54. Hu FB (2003) The Mediterranean diet and mortality— olive oil and beyond. N Engl J Med 348: 2595–2596
55. Vincent S et al. (2004) The Medi-RIVAGE study (Mediterranean Diet, Cardiovascular Risks and Gene Polymorphisms): rationale, recruitment, design, dietary intervention and baseline characteristics of participants. Public Health Nutr 7: 531–542
56. Castagnetta L et al. (2002) The Mediet Project. Ann N Y Acad Sci 963: 282–289
57. Knoops KT et al. (2004) Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women: the HALE project. JAMA 292: 1433–1439
58. Willett WC (2006) The Mediterranean diet: science and practice. Public Health Nutr 9: 105–110
59. Riccardi G et al. (2003) Glycemic index of local foods and diets: the Mediterranean experience. Nutr Rev 61 (Suppl): S56–S60
60. Willett WC (2001) Eat Drink and be Healthy: The Harvard Medical School Guide to Healthy Eating. New York: Free Press
61. Foster GD et al. (2003) A randomized trial of a low carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med 348:2082–2090
62. Samaha FF et al. (2003) A low-carbohydrate as compared with a low-fat diet in severe obesity. N Engl J Med 348: 2074–2081
63. Yancy WS Jr et al. (2004) A low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-fat diet to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia: a randomized, controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 140: 769–777
64. Stern L et al. (2004) The effects of low-carbohydrate versus conventional weight loss diets in severely obese adults: one year follow-up of a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 140: 778–785