Eugenia Sacerdote de Lustig es una médica italiana, Nació el 9 de noviembre de 1910 en Turín, Italia. Fue la primera en probar la vacuna poliomelítica en Argentina.
En 1929 decidió estudiar medicina en Italia, en una época en que las mujeres no estudiaban dicha carrera. Junto a su prima hermana Rita Levi-Montalcini (premio Nobel de Medicina 1986) fue una de las cuatro mujeres que lo hicieron.
Su carrera fue dificultosa, aun así quedó seleccionada junto con tres personas más como ayudante de la cátedra de histología en la Universidad de Turín, por el profesor Giuseppe Levi. La llegada del fascismo al poder hizo que emigrara con su esposo y su hija a Argentina.
Fue la primer investigadora del Conicet.
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