Nuevas definiciones para sepsis y shock séptico

1. Torio CM, Andrews RM. National inpatient hospital costs: the most expensive conditions by payer, 2011. Statistical Brief #160. Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) Statistical Briefs. August 2013. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK169005/. Accessed October 31, 2015.
2. Iwashyna TJ, Cooke CR,Wunsch H, Kahn JM. Population burden of long-term survivorship after severe sepsis in older Americans. J AmGeriatr Soc. 2012; 60(6):1070-1077.
3. Gaieski DF, Edwards JM, KallanMJ, Carr BG. Benchmarking the incidence and mortality of severe sepsis in the United States. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41(5):1167-1174.
4. Dellinger RP, Levy MM, Rhodes A, et al; Surviving Sepsis Campaign Guidelines Committee Including the Pediatric Subgroup. Surviving Sepsis Campaign: international guidelines for management of severe sepsis and septic shock: 2012. Crit Care Med. 2013; 41(2):580-637.
5. Rhee C, Gohil S, Klompas M. Regulatory mandates for sepsis care—reasons for caution. N Engl J Med. 2014; 370(18):1673-1676.
6. Vincent J-L, Marshall JC, Namendys-Silva SA, et al; ICON Investigators. Assessment of the worldwide burden of critical illness: the Intensive Care Over Nations (ICON) audit. Lancet Respir Med. 2014;2(5):380-386.
7. Fleischmann C, Scherag A, Adhikari NK, et al; International Forum of Acute Care Trialists. Assessment of global incidence and mortality of hospital-treated sepsis: current estimates and limitations. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015.
8. Iwashyna TJ, Ely EW, Smith DM, Langa KM. Long-term cognitive impairment and functional disability among survivors of severe sepsis. JAMA. 2010; 304(16):1787-1794.
9. Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, et al. American College of Chest Physicians/Society of Critical Care Medicine Consensus Conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. Crit Care Med. 1992; 20(6):864-874.
10. Levy MM, Fink MP, Marshall JC, et al; International Sepsis Definitions Conference. 2001 SCCM/ESICM/ACCP/ATS/SIS International Sepsis Definitions Conference. Intensive Care Med. 2003; 29(4):530-538.
11. Vincent J-L, Opal SM, Marshall JC, Tracey KJ. Sepsis definitions: time for change. Lancet. 2013; 381(9868):774-775.
12. Seymour CW, Liu V, Iwashyna TJ, et al Assessment of clinical criteria for sepsis. JAMA. doi: 10.1001/jama.2016.0288.
13. Shankar-HariM, Phillips G, LevyML, et al Assessment of definition and clinical criteria for septic shock. JAMA.doi:10.1001/jama.2016.0289
14. Angus DC, van der Poll T. Severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2013; 369(9):840-851.
15. WiersingaWJ, Leopold SJ, Cranendonk DR, van der Poll T. Host innate immune responses to sepsis. Virulence. 2014; 5(1):36-44.
16. Hotchkiss RS, Monneret G, Payen D. Sepsis-induced immunosuppression: from cellular dysfunctions to immunotherapy. Nat Rev Immunol. 2013;13(12): 862-874.
17. Deutschman CS, Tracey KJ. Sepsis: current dogma and new perspectives. Immunity. 2014; 40 (4):463-475.
18. Singer M, De Santis V, Vitale D, JeffcoateW. Multiorgan failure is an adaptive, endocrinemediated, metabolic response to overwhelming systemic inflammation. Lancet. 2004; 364(9433): 545-548.
19. Hotchkiss RS, Swanson PE, Freeman BD, et al. Apoptotic cell death in patients with sepsis, shock, and multiple organ dysfunction. Crit Care Med. 1999; 27(7):1230-1251.
20. Kwan A, Hubank M, Rashid A, Klein N, Peters MJ. Transcriptional instability during evolving sepsismay limit biomarker based risk stratification. PLoS One. 2013; 8(3):e60501.
21. Iskander KN, Osuchowski MF, Stearns-Kurosawa DJ, et al. Sepsis: multiple
abnormalities, heterogeneous responses, and evolving understanding. Physiol Rev. 2013;93(3): 1247-1288.
22. Wong HR, Cvijanovich NZ, Anas N, et al. Developing a clinically feasible personalized medicine approach to pediatric septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015; 191(3):309-315.
23. Langley RJ, Tsalik EL, van Velkinburgh JC, et al. An integrated clinico-metabolomic model improves prediction of death in sepsis. Sci Transl Med. 2013; 5 (195):195ra95.
24. Chan JK, Roth J, Oppenheim JJ, et al. Alarmins: awaiting a clinical response. J Clin Invest. 2012;122(8): 2711-2719.
25. Churpek MM, Zadravecz FJ,Winslow C, Howell MD, Edelson DP. Incidence and prognostic value of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and organ dysfunctions in ward patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015; 192(8):958-964.
26. Kaukonen K-M, BaileyM, Pilcher D, Cooper DJ, Bellomo R. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria in defining severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372(17):1629-1638.
27. Vincent JL, Moreno R, Takala J, et al;Working Group on Sepsis-Related Problems of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction/failure. Intensive Care
Med. 1996; 22(7):707-710.
28. Vincent JL, de Mendonca A, Cantraine F, et al; Working Group on “Sepsis-Related Problems” of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Use of the SOFA score to assess the incidence of organ dysfunction/failure in intensive care units: results of a multicenter, prospective study. Crit Care Med. 1998; 26(11):1793-1800.
29. Rubulotta FM, Ramsay G, Parker MM, Dellinger RP, Levy MM, PoezeM; Surviving Sepsis Campaign Steering Committee; European Society of Intensive Care Medicine; Society of Critical Care Medicine. An international survey: public awareness and perception of sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2009; 37(1): 167-170.
30. Le Gall J-R, Klar J, LemeshowS, et al; ICU Scoring Group. The Logistic Organ Dysfunction system: a new way to assess organ dysfunction in the intensive care unit. JAMA. 1996; 276(10):802-810.
31. Shah RU, Henry TD, Rutten-Ramos S, Garberich RF, TighiouartM, Bairey Merz CN. Increasing percutaneous coronary interventions for ST-segment elevationmyocardial infarction in the United States: progress and opportunity. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2015; 8(1 pt B):139-146.
32. Kraut JA, Madias NE. Lactic acidosis. N Engl J Med. 2014; 371(24):2309-2319.
33. Casserly B, Phillips GS, Schorr C, et al. Lactate measurements in sepsis-induced tissue hypoperfusion: results from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign database. Crit Care Med. 2015; 43(3):567-573.
34. Cecconi M, De Backer D, Antonelli M, et al. Consensus on circulatory shock and hemodynamic monitoring. Task Force of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med. 2014; 40(12): 1795-1815.
35. Czura CJ. “Merinoff symposium 2010: sepsis”—speaking with one voice. Mol Med. 2011; 17 (1-2):2-3.
36. Ait-Oufella H, Bige N, Boelle PY, et al. Capillary refill time exploration during septic shock. Intensive Care Med. 2014; 40(7):958-964.