Restricción de hidratos de carbono como primera estrategia en la diabetes

[1] Westman EC, Vernon MC. Has carbohydrate-restriction been forgotten as a treatment for diabetes mellitus? A perspective on the ACCORD study design. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2008; 5:10.
[2] Westman EC, Yancy WS Jr, Humphreys M. Dietary treatment of diabetes mellitus in the preinsulin era (1914-1922). Perspect Biol Med 2006; 49:
77–83.
[3] Accurso A, Bernstein RK, Dahlqvist A, Draznin B, Feinman RD, Fine EJ, et al. Dietary carbohydrate restriction in type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: time for a critical appraisal. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2008; 5:9.
[4] Feinman RD. Fad diets in the treatment of diabetes. Curr Diab Rep 2011; 11:128–35.
[5] Volek JS, Fernandez ML, Feinman RD, Phinney SD. Dietary carbohydrate restriction induces a unique metabolic state positively affecting atherogenic dyslipidemia, fatty acid partitioning, and metabolic syndrome. Prog Lipid Res 2008; 47:307–18.
6] Westman EC, Yancy WS, Mavropoulos JC, Marquart M, McDuffie JR. The effect  of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet versus a low-glycemic index diet on glycemic control in type 2-diabetes mellitus. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2008; 5:36.
[7] American Diabetes Association. Nutrition recommendations and interventions for diabetes–2013. Diabetes Care 2013; 36(Suppl 1):S12–32.
[8] Rizza RA. Pathogenesis of fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: implications for therapy. Diabetes 2010; 59:2697–707.
[9] Gannon MC, Hoover H, Nuttall FQ. Further decrease in glycated hemoglobin following ingestion of a LoBAG30 diet for 10 wk compared with 5 wk in people with untreated type 2 diabetes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2010; 7:64.
[10] Gannon MC, Nuttall FQ. Control of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes without weight loss by modification of diet composition. Nutr Metab (Lond)
2006; 3:16.
[11] Nuttall FQ, Schweim K, Hoover H, Gannon MC. Effect of the LoBAG30 diet on blood glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes. Br J Nutr 2008; 99:511–9.
[12] Al-Khalifa A, Mathew TC, Al-Zaid NS, Mathew E, Dashti H. Low carbohydrate ketogenic diet prevents the induction of diabetes using streptozotocin in rats. Exp Toxicol Pathol 2011; 63:663–9.
[13] Dashti HM, Mathew TC, Khadada M, Al-Mousawi M, Talib H, Asfar SK, et al. Beneficial effects of ketogenic diet in obese diabetic subjects. Mol Cell Biochem 2007; 302:249–56.
[14] Hussain TA, Mathew TC, Dashti AA, Asfar S, Al-Zaid N, Dashti HM. Effect of low-calorie versus low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in type 2 diabetes. Nutrition 2012; 28:1016–21.
[15] Sonksen P, Sonksen J. Insulin: understanding its action in health and disease. Br J Anaesth 2000; 85:69–79.
[16] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in intake of energy and macronutrientsdUnited States: 1971 to 2000. JAMA 2004; 291:1193–4.
[17] Gross LS, Li L, Ford ES, Liu S. Increased consumption of refined carbohydrates and the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in the United States: an ecologic assessment. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79:774–9.
[18] Carden TJ, Carr TP. Food availability of glucose and fat, but not fructose, increased in the US between 1970 and 2009: analysis of the USDA food availability data system. Nutr J 2013; 12:130.
[19] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Trends in intake of energy and Macronutrients-United States, 1971 to 2000. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2004; 53:80–2.
[20] Al-Khalifa A, Mathew TC, Al-Zaid NS, Mathew E, Dashti HM. Therapeutic role of low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet in diabetes. Nutrition 2009; 25:1177–85.
[21] McFarlane SI, Jacober SJ, Winer N, Kaur J, Castro JP, Wui MA, et al. Control of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with diabetes and hypertension at urban academic medical centers. Diabetes Care 2002; 25:718–23.
[22] Stratton IM, Kohner EM, Aldington SJ, Turner RC, Holman RR, Manley SE, et al. UKPDS 50: risk factors for incidence and progression of retinopathy in type II diabetes over 6 y from diagnosis. Diabetologia 2001;44:156–63.
[23] Dyson PA, Beatty S, Matthews DR. A low-carbohydrate diet is more effective in reducing body weight than healthy eating in both diabetic and nondiabetic subjects. Diabet Med 2007; 24:1430–5.
[24] Howard BV, Manson JE, Stefanick ML, Beresford SA, Frank G, Jones B, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and weight change over 7 y: the Women’s Health Initiative dietary modification trial. JAMA 2006; 295:39–49.
[25] Dansinger ML, Schaefer EJ. Low-fat diets and weight change. JAMA 2006; 295:94–5.
[26] Howard BV, Van Horn L, Hsia J, Manson JE, Stefanick ML, Wassertheil- Smoller S, et al. Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of cardiovascular disease: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial. JAMA 2006; 295:655–66.
[27] Tinker LF, Bonds DE, Margolis KL, Manson JE, Howard BV, Larson J, et al.
Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of treated diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women: theWomen’s Health Initiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial. Arch Intern Med 2008; 168:1500–11.
[28] Atkins RC. Dr. Atkins’ new diet revolution. New York: Avon Books; 2002.
[29] Westman EC, Phinney SD, Volek J. The new Atkins for a new you: the ultimate diet for shedding weight and feeling great forever. New York: Simon & Schuster; 2010.
[30] Eades MR, Eades MD. Protein power. New York: Bantam Books; 1996. [31] Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, Makris AP, Rosenbaum DL, Brill C, et al. Weight and metabolic outcomes after 2 y on a low-carbohydrate versus low-fat diet: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2010; 153:147–57.
[32] Foster GD, Wyatt HR, Hill JO, McGuckin BG, Brill C, Mohammed BS, et al. A randomized trial of a low-carbohydrate diet for obesity. N Engl J Med 2003; 348:2082–90.
[33] Gunnars, K. Low-Carb Diets – Healthy, but Hard to Stick to? In: Authority Nutrition. 2013. Available at http://AuthorityNutrition.com. Accessed September 6, 2014.
[34] Belza A, Ritz C, Sorensen MQ, Holst JJ, Rehfeld JF, Astrup A. Contribution of gastroenteropancreatic appetite hormones to protein-induced satiety. Am J Clin Nutr 2013; 97:980–9.
[35] Feinman RD, Vernon MC, Westman EC. Low carbohydrate diets in family practice: what can we learn from an internet-based support group. Nutr J 2006; 5:26.
[36] Santos FL, Esteves SS, da Costa Pereira A, Yancy WS Jr, Nunes JP. Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials of the effects of low carbohydrate diets on cardiovascular risk factors. Obes Rev 2012; 13:1048–66.
[37] Krieger JW, Sitren HS, Daniels MJ, Langkamp-Henken B. Effects of variation in protein and carbohydrate intake on body mass and composition during energy restriction: a meta-regression 1. Am J Clin Nutr 2006; 83:260–74.
[38] Feinman RD, Fine EJ. “A calorie is a calorie” violates the second law of thermodynamics. Nutr J 2004; 3:9.
[39] Feinman RD, Fine EJ. Nonequilibrium thermodynamics and energy efficiency in weight loss diets. Theor Biol Med Model 2007; 4:27.
[40] Keys A. Coronary heart disease in seven countries. 1970; 41 Suppl:1–211.
[41] Keys A. Atherosclerosis: a problem in newer public health. J Mt Sinai Hosp N Y 1953; 20:118–39.
[42] Anderson KM, Castelli WP, Levy D. Cholesterol and mortality. 30 y of follow-up from the Framingham study. JAMA 1987; 257:2176–80.
[43] Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies evaluating the association of saturated fat with cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:535–46.
[44] Siri-Tarino PW, Sun Q, Hu FB, Krauss RM. Saturated fat, carbohydrate, and cardiovascular disease. Am J Clin Nutr 2010; 91:502–9.
[45] Weinberg SL. The diet-heart hypothesis: a critique. J Am Coll Cardiol 2004; 43:731–3.