Referencias bibliográficas
1 Kakehashi S, Stanley H, Fitzgerald R. The effect of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1965:20:340–349.
2 Sundqvist G, Johansson E, Sjögren U. Prevalence of black-pigmented Bacteroides species in root canal infections. J Endod 1989; 15:13–19.
3 Sundqvist G, Figdor D. Life as an endodontic pathogen. Ecological differences between the untreated and root-filled root canals. Endodontic Topics 2003; 6: 3–28.
4 Baumgartner JC, Watkins BJ, Bae KS, Xia T. Association of black-pigmented bacteria with endodontic infections. J Endod 1999:25:413–415.
5 Haapasalo M, Ranta H, Ranta K, Shah H. Blackpigmented Bacteroides spp. in human apical periodontitis. Infect Immun 1986:53:149–153.
6 Sundqvist G, Johansson E, Sjögren U. Prevalence of black-pigmented Bacteroides species in root canal infections. J Endod 1989:15:13–19.
7 Bergenholtz G, Horsted-Bindsler P, Reit C. Endodoncia, Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la Pulpa Dental. 1a Ed. Manual Moderno, 2003, pp. 117-24.
8 Sundqvist GK. Bacteriological studies of necrotic dental pulps. Odontological Dissertations No. 7. Department of Oral Microbiology, Umea° University, Sweden,1976.
9 Gomes BPFA, Lilley JD, Drucker DB. Associations of endodontic symptoms and signs with particular combinations of specific bacteria. Int Endodont J 1996; 29:69-75.
10 Byström A, Sundqvist G. Bacteriologic evaluation of the efficacy of mechanical root canal instrumentation in endodontic therapy. Scand J Dent Res 1981; 89:321–328.
11 Trope M, Bergenholtz G. Microbiological basis for endodontic treatment: can a maximal outcome be achieved in one visit? Endodontic Topics 2002; 1:40–53.
12 Ørstavik D, Kerekes K, Molven O. Effects of extensive apical reaming and calcium hydroxide dressing on bacterial infection during treatment of apical periodontitis: a pilot study. Int Endod J 1991; 24:1–7.
13 Shuping G, Ørstavik D, Sigurdsson A, Trope M. Reduction of intracanal bacteria using nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation and various medications. J Endodon 2000; 26:751–5.
14 Khademi A, Yazdizadeh M, Feizianfard M. Determination of the minimum instrumentation size for penetration of irrigants to the apical third of root canal systems. J Endod 2006; 32:417–20.
15 Baume LJ. Diagnosis of diseases of the pulp. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1970; 29:102–116.
16 Waltimo T, Trope M, Haapasalo M, Orstavik D. Clinical efficacy of treatment procedures in endodontic infection control and one year follow-up of periapical healing. J Endod 2005; 31:863–6.
17 Zender M. Root canal irrigants. J. Endod 2006: 32:389-98.
18 Zamany A, Safavi K, Spångberg LS. The effect of chlorhexidine as an endodontic disinfectant. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2003; 96:578–81.
19 Naenni N, Thoma K, Zehnder M. Soft tissue dissolution capacity of currently used and potential endodontic irrigants. J Endod 2004; 30:785–7.
20 Davies GE, Francis J, Martin AR, Rose FL, Swain G. 1:6-Di-4 chlorophenyldiguanidohexane (hibitane); laboratory investigation of a new antibacterial agent of high potency. Br J Pharmacol Chemother
1954; 9:192–6.
21 Hennessey TS. Some antibacterial properties of chlorhexidine. J Periodontal Res Suppl 1973; 12:61–7.
22 Bui BT, Baumgartner C, Mitchell JC. Evaluation of the intracanal of the interaccion between sodium hypochlorite and chlohexidine gluconate and its effect on root dentin, J Endod 2008; 34:181-185.
23 Van der Bijl P, Gelderblom WC, Thiel PG. On the mutagenicity of parachloroaniline, a breakdown product of chlorhexidine. J Dent Assoc Afr 1984; 39:535-7.
24 Gomes B, Souza S, Ferraz C, et ál. Effectiveness of 2% chlorhexidine gel and calcium hydroxide against Enterococcus faecalis in bovine root dentine in vitro. Int Endod J 2003; 36:267–75.
25 Siren EK, Haapasalo MP, Waltimo TM, Orstavik D. In vitro antibacterial effect of calcium hydroxide combined with chlorhexidine or iodine potassium iodide on Enterococcus faecalis. Eur J Oral Sci
2004; 112:326–31.
26 Yoshida T, Shibata T, Shinohara T, Gomyo S, Sekine I. Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of EDTA solution as an endodontic irrigant. J Endod 1995; 21:592–3.
27 Zehnder M, Schmidlin P, Sener B, Waltimo T. Chelation in root canal therapy reconsidered. J Endod 2005; 31:817–20.
28 Torabinejad M, Khademi AA, Babagoli J, Cho Y, Johnson WB, Bozhilov K, Kim J, Shabahang S. A new solution for the removal of the smear layer. J Endod 2003; 29:170–175.
29 Gottardi W. Iodine and iodine compounds. In: Block SS, ed. Disinfection, Sterilization, and Preservation. 4th Ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lea & Febiger 1991:152–166.
30 Chang SL. Modern concept of disinfection. J Sanit Eng Div Proc ASCE 1971; 97:689.
31 Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G. The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide in root canals pretreated with 5% iodine potassium iodide. Endod Dent Traumatol 1999:15:205–209.
32 Portenier I, Haapasalo H, Ørstavik D, Yamauchi M, Haapasalo M. Inactivation of the antibacterial activity of iodine potassium iodide and chlorhexidine digluconate against Enterococcus faecalis by
dentin, dentin matrix, type-I collagen, and heat-killed microbial whole cells. J Endod 2002; 28:634–637.
33 Fava LRG, Saunders WP. Calcium hydroxide pastes - classification and clinical indications. Int Endod J 1999; 32:257-282.
34 Safavi KE, Nichols FC. Effect of calcium hydroxide on bacterial lipopolysaccharide J Endod 1993; 19:76-78.
35 Byström A, Sundqvist G. The antibacterial action of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA in 60 cases of endodontic therapy. Int Endod J 1985; 18:35–40.
36 Haapasalo M, Orstavik, D. In vitro infection and disinfection of dentinal tubules. J Dent Res 1987; 66:1375-9.
37 Bystrom A. Evaluation of Endodontic Treatment of Teeth With Apical Periodontitis. Doctoral Thesis, Ümea University, Ümea, Sweden 1986.
38 Safavi KE, Dowpen, WE, Langeland, K. A comparison of antimicrobial effects of calcium hydroxide and iodine potassium iodide. J Endod 1985; 11:454-6.
39 Dalton BC, Ørstavik D, Phillips C, Pettiette M, Trope M. Bacterial reduction with nickel-titanium rotary instrumentation. J Endod 1998; 24:763–7.
40 Sjögren U, Figdor D, Spangberg L, Sundqvist G. The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracanal dressing. Int Endod J 1999; 24:119–25.
41 Peters LB, Wesselink PR, Buijs JF, van Winkelhoff AJ. Viable bacteria in root dentinal tubules of teeth with apical periodontitis. J Endodon 2001; 27:76–81.
42 Sjögren UT, Hägglund B, Sundqvist GK, Wing K. Factors affecting the long-term results of endodontic treatment. J Endod 1990; 16: 498–504.
43 Nair PNR, Sjögren U, Krey G, Kahnberg K-E, Sundqvist G. Intraradicular bacteria and fungi in root-filled, asymptomatic human teeth with therapy-resistant periapical lesions: a long term light and
electron microscopic follow-up study. J Endodon 1990; 16:580–8.
44 Chong BS, Pitt Ford TR. The role of intracanal medication in root canal treatment. Int Endod J 1992;25:97–106.
45 Estrela C. Eficácia Antimicrobiana de Pastas de Hidróxido de Cálcio. (Tese de Livre-Docência). Ribeirão Preto: Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo-USP; 1997.
46 Estrela C, Bammann LL, Estrela CRA, Silva RS, Pécora JD. Antmicrobial and chemical study of MTA, Portland cement, calcium hydroxide paste, Sealapex and Dycal. Braz Dent J 2000; 11:3-9.
47 Safavi KE, Nichols FC. Alteration of biological properties of bacterial lipopolysaccharide by calcium hydroxide treatment. J Endod 1994; 20:127-129.
48 Buck RA, Cai J, Eleazer PD, Staat RH, Hurst HE. Detoxification of endotoxin by endodontic irrigants and calcium hydroxide. J Endod 2000; 27:325-327.
49 Tronstad L. Clinical Endodontics, 1st edn. Stuttgart, Germany: George Thieme Verlag, 1991;101.
50 Holland R, Otoboni-Filho JA, Souza V, Nery MJ, Bernabé PFE, Dezan-Jr E. A comparison of one versus two appointment endodontic therapy in dog’s teeth with apical periodontitis. J Endod 2003; 29:121-25.
51 Law A, Messer H. An evidence-based analysis of the antibacterial effectiveness of intracanal medicaments. J Endod 2004;30:689–94.
52 Byström A, Claesson R, Sundqvist G. The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochlorophenol, camphoratedphenol and calcium hydroxide in the treatment of infected root canals. Endodontics
and Dental Traumatology 1985; 1: 170–5.
53 Cvek, M., Hollender, L. & Nord, CE. Treatment of non-vital permanent incisors with calcium hydroxide. Odontologisk Revy 1976; 27:93-108.
54 Trope M, Delano EO, Ørstavik D. Endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: single vs. multivisit treatment. J Endod 1999; 25:345–50.
55 Orstavik D, Kerekes K, Molven O. Effects of extensive apical reaming and calcium hydroxide dressing on bacterial infection during treatment of apical periodontitis: a pilot study. Int Endod J 1991; 24:1-7.
56 Kakehashi S, Stanley H, Fitzgerald R. The effect of surgical exposures of dental pulps in germ-free and conventional laboratory rats. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Path Oral Radiol Endod 1995; 20:340–9.
57 Peters LB, van Winkelho AJ, Buijs JF, Wesselink PR. Effects of instrumentation, irrigation and dressing with calcium hydroxide on infection in pulpless teeth with periapical bone lesions. Int Endod J
2002; 35:13-26.
58 Reit C, Dahle NG. Decision making analysis of endodontic treatment strategies in teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 1988; 21:291-9.
59 Sathorn C, Parashos P, Messer H. The prevalence of postoperative pain and flare-up in single and multiple visit endodontic treatment: a systematic review. Int Endod J 2008; 41:91-99.
60 Sathorn C, Parashos P, Messer HH. Effectiveness of single- versus multiple-visit endodontic treatment of teeth with apical periodontitis: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Int Endod J 2005;
38:347–55.
61 Oliet S. Single visit endodontics: a clinical study. J Endodon 1983; 9:147–153.
62 Mulhern J, Patterson S, Newton C, Ringel A. Incidence of postoperative pain after one appointment endodontic treatment of asymptomatic pulpal necrosis in single rooted teeth. J Endodon 1982; 8:370–375.
63 Orstavik D, Haapasalo M. Disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of experimentally infected dentinal tubules. Endodont Dent Traumatol 1990; 6:142–149.
64 Soltanoff W. A comparative study of the single-visit and the multiple-visit endodontic procedure. J Endod 1978; 4:278-81.
65 Sathorn C, Parashos P, Messer H. Antibacterial efficacy of calcium hydroxide intracanal dressing: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Endod J 2007; 40:2–10.
66 Penesis AV, Fitzgerald PI, Fayad MI, Wenckus CS, Begole EA, Johnson BR. Outcome of one visit and two visit endodontic treatment of necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis: A randomized controlled
trial with one year evaluation. J Endod 2008; 34:251-257.
67 Molander A, Warfvinge J, Reit C, Kvist T. Clinical and radiographic evaluation of one and two-visit endodontic treatment of asymptomatic necrotic teeth with apical periodontitis: a randomized clinical
trial. J Endod 2007; 33:1145– 8.
68 Hermann BW. Calciumhydroxydals Mittel Zurn Behandel und Füllen Vonxahnwurzelkanälen. [Thesis] Würzburg; 1920. p. 50.
Comentarios
Para ver los comentarios de sus colegas o para expresar su opinión debe ingresar con su cuenta de IntraMed.