Herramientas de medición de identidad, expresión y disforia de género en niños y adolescentes

1 Fisher CM, Waling A, Kerr L, et al. National Survey of Australian Secondary Students and Sexual Health 2018. Melbourne, VIC: La Trobe University, 2019.

2 Clark TC, Lucassen MF, Bullen P, et al. The health and well-being of transgender high school students: results from the New Zealand adolescent health survey (Youth’12). J Adolesc Health 2014; 55: 93–99.

3 Gower AL, Rider GN, Coleman E, Brown C, McMorris BJ, Eisenberg ME. Perceived gender presentation among transgender and gender diverse youth: approaches to analysis and associations with bullying victimization and emotional distress. LGBT Health 2018; 5: 312–19.

4 Steensma TD, Kreukels BP, de Vries AL, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Gender identity development in adolescence. Horm Behav 2013; 64: 288–97.

5 Lowry R, Johns MM, Gordon AR, Austin SB, Robin LE, Kann LK. Nonconforming gender expression and associated mental distress and substance use among high school students. JAMA Pediatr 2018; 172: 1020–28.

6 Coleman E, Bockting W, Botzer M, et al. Standards of care for the health of transsexual, transgender, and gender-nonconforming people, version

7. Int J Transgenderism 2012; 13: 165–232. 7 Beek TF, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Kreukels BP. Gender incongruence/ gender dysphoria and its classification history. Int Rev Psychiatry 2016; 28: 5–12.

8 Zucker KJ. Measurement of psychosexual differentiation. Arch Sex Behav 2005; 34: 375–88.

9 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 3rd edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1980.

10 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 4th edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1994.

11 American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th edn. Arlington, VA: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.

12 Drescher J. Queer diagnoses revisited: the past and future of homosexuality and gender diagnoses in DSM and ICD. Int Rev Psychiatry 2015; 27: 386–95.

13 WHO. ICD-10: international statistical classification of diseases and related health problems: tenth revision, 2nd edn. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2004.

14 WHO. International classification of diseases 11th revision. Gender incongruence. 2019. https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en#/ http%3a%2f %2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f411470068 (accessed Feb 20, 2021).

15 Benziman H, Marodes S. Indicators of feminine gender identity in latency-aged boys in the Draw a Person and the Rorschach tests. J Clin Psychol 1997; 53: 143–57.

16 Rekers GA, Morey SM. Relationship of maternal report of feminine behaviors and extraversion to clinician’s rating of gender disturbance. Percept Mot Skills 1989; 69: 387–94.

17 Rekers GA, Rosen AC, Morey SM. Projective test findings for boys with gender disturbance: Draw-A-Person Test, IT Scale, and Make-A-Picture Story Test. Percept Mot Skills 1990; 71: 771–79.

18 Rekers GA, Yates CE. Sex-typed play in feminoid boys versus normal boys and girls. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1976; 4: 1–8.

19 Skilbeck WM, Bates JE, Bentler PM. Human figure drawings of gender-problem and school-problem boys. J Abnorm Child Psychol 1975; 3: 191–99.

20 Bates J, Bentler P. Play activities of normal and effeminate boys. Dev Psychol 1973; 9: 20–27.

21 Bates JE, Bentler PM, Thompson SK. Measurement of deviant gender development in boys. Child Dev 1973; 44: 591–98.

22 Zucker KJ, Bradley SJ. Adoptee overrepresentation among clinic-referred boys with gender identity disorder. Can J Psychiatry 1998; 43: 1040–43.

23 Rekers GA, Morey SM. The relationship of measures of sex-typed play with clinician ratings on degree of gender disturbance. J Clin Psychol 1990; 46: 28–34.

24 Zucker KJ, Bradley SJ, Corter CM, Doering RW, Finegan JK. Cross-gender behaviour in very young boys: a normative study. In: Sampson J, eds. Childhood and sexuality. Montreal: Editions Etudes Vivantes, 1980: 599–622.

25 Drummond KD, Bradley SJ, Peterson-Badali M, Zucker KJ. A follow-up study of girls with gender identity disorder. Dev Psychol 2008; 44: 34–45.

26 Fast AA, Olson KR. Gender development in transgender preschool children. Child Dev 2018; 89: 620–37.

27 Olson KR, Key AC, Eaton NR. Gender cognition in transgender children. Psychol Sci 2015; 26: 467–74.

28 Zucker KJ, Bradley SJ. Gender Identity disorder and psychosexual problems in children and adolescents. New York: Guildford Press, 1995.

29 Wallien MS, Cohen-Kettenis PT. Psychosexual outcome of gender-dysphoric children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2008; 47: 1413–23.

30 Goodenough F. Measurement of intelligence by drawings. New York, NY: World Book Co, 1926.

31 Rorschach H. Rorschach ink blot test. Psychodiagnostik. Bern: Ernst Bircher, 1921.

32 Lindgren TW, Pauly IB. A body image scale for evaluating transsexuals. Arch Sex Behav 1975; 4: 639–56.

33 Cuzzolaro M, Vetrone G, Marano G, Garfinkel PE. The Body Uneasiness Test (BUT): development and validation of a new body image assessment scale. Eat Weight Disord 2006; 11: 1–13.

34 Deogracias JJ, Johnson LL, Meyer-Bahlburg HF, Kessler SJ, Schober JM, Zucker KJ. The Gender Identity/Gender Dysphoria Questionnaire for Adolescents and Adults. J Sex Res 2007; 44: 370–79.

35 Zucker KJ, Mitchell JN, Bradley SJ, Tkachuk J, Cantor JM, Allin SM. The recalled Childhood Gender Identity/Gender Role Questionnaire: psychometric properties. Sex Roles 2006; 54: 469–83.

36 Steensma TD, Kreukels BP, Jurgensen M, Thyen U, de Vries AL, Cohen-Kettenis PT. The Utrecht Gender Dysphoria Scale: a validation study. 2013. In: Steensma TD. From gender variance to gender dysphoria: psychosexual development of gender atypical children and adolescents. Amsterdam: Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam: 41–56.

37 Twist J, de Graaf NM. Gender diversity and non-binary presentations in young people attending the United Kingdom’s National Gender Identity Development Service. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2018; 24: 277–90.