1 Winslow C. The untilled field of public health. Mod Med 1920; 2: 183–91.
2 Gibson MA, Mace R. An energy-saving development initiative increases birth rate and childhood malnutrition in rural Ethiopia. PLoS Med 2006; 3: e87.
3 Kuh D, Ben-Shlomo Y. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology, 2nd edn. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.
4 Barker DJ. Fetal and infant origins of adult disease. London: BMJ, 1992.
5 Krieger N, Davey Smith G. “Bodies count,” and body counts: social epidemiology and embodying inequality. Epidemiol Rev 2004; 26: 92–103.
6 Marmot M. Social determinants of health inequalities. Lancet 2005; 365: 1099–104.
7 Dobzhansky T. Nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution. Am Biol Teacher 1973; 35: 125–29.
8 Jørgensen C, Enberg K, Dunlop ES, et al. Ecology: managing evolving fish stocks. Science 2007; 318: 1247–48.
9 Wade N. Green revolution (I): a just technology, often unjust in use. Science 1974; 186: 1093–96.
10 Nesse RM, Williams GC. Why we get sick: the new science of Darwinian medicine. New York: Times Books, 1994.
11 Wilson EO. Consilience: the unity of knowledge. London: Little, Brown and Co, 1998.
12 Nesse RM, Bergstrom CT, Ellison PT, et al. Making evolutionary biology a basic science for medicine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107 (suppl 1): 1800–07.
13 Stearns SC, Ackermann M, Doebeli M, Kaiser M. Experimental evolution of aging, growth, and reproduction in fruitflies. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2000; 97: 3309–13.
14 Winterhalder B, Smith EA. Analyzing adaptive strategies: human behavioral ecology at twenty-five. Evol Anthropol 2000; 9: 51–72.
15 Nettle D, Gibson MA, Lawson DW, Sear R. Human behavioral ecology: current research and future prospects. Behav Ecol 2013; 24: 1031–40.
16 Omenn GS. Evolution in health and medicine Sackler colloquium: evolution and public health. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010; 107 (suppl 1): 1702–09.
17 WHO. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2010. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2011.
18 Doyal L, Pennell I. The political economy of health. London: Pluto Press, 1979.
19 Wells JC. The metabolic ghetto: an evolutionary perspective on nutrition, power relations and chronic disease. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2016.
20 Rook G, Backhed F, Levin B, McFall-Ngai M, McLean A. Evolution, human-microbe interactions and life history plasticity. Lancet 2017; 390: 521–30.
21 Jasienska G, Bribiescas RG, Furberg A-S, Helle S, Nunez-de la Mora A. Human reproduction and health: an evolutionary perspective. Lancet 2017; 390: 510–20.
22 Darwin C. On the origins of species by means of natural selection. London: Murray, 1859.
23 Dobzhansky T, Boesinger E. Human culture: a moment in evolution. New York: Columbia University Press, 1983.
24 Dennett DC. Darwin’s dangerous idea. London: Penguin, 1995.
25 Hamilton WD. The genetical evolution of social behaviour. I. J Theor Biol 1964; 7: 1–16.
26 Jablonka E, Lamb MJ. Evolution in four dimensions: genetic, epigenetic, behavioral, and symbolic variation in the history of life. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 2005.
27 Frazer KA, Murray SS, Schork NJ, Topol EJ. Human genetic variation and its contribution to complex traits. Nat Rev Genet 2009; 10: 241–51.
28 Ono C, Kikkawa H, Suzuki A, et al. Clinical impact of genetic variants of drug transporters in different ethnic groups within and across regions. Pharmacogenomics 2013; 14: 1745–64.
29 Jones KE, Patel NG, Levy MA, et al. Global trends in emerging infectious diseases. Nature 2008; 451: 990–93.
30 Gandon S, Mackinnon MJ, Nee S, Read AF. Imperfect vaccines and the evolution of pathogen virulence. Nature 2001; 414: 751–56.
31 Arias CA, Murray BE. Antibiotic-resistant bugs in the 21st century—a clinical super-challenge. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 439–43.
32 Weatherall DJ. The inherited diseases of hemoglobin are an emerging global health burden. Blood 2010; 115: 4331–36.
33 Ardia DR, Parmentier HK, Vogel LA. The role of constraints and limitation in driving individual variation in immune response. Funct Ecol 2011; 25: 61–73.
34 Barbujani G, Magagni A, Minch E, Cavalli-Sforza LL. An apportionment of human DNA diversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1997; 94: 4516–19.
35 Goldgar DE, Easton DF, Cannon-Albright LA, Skolnick MH. Systematic population-based assessment of cancer risk in first-degree relatives of cancer probands. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86: 1600–08.
36 Seaquist ER, Goetz FC, Rich S, Barbosa J. Familial clustering of diabetic kidney disease. Evidence for genetic susceptibility to diabetic nephropathy. N Engl J Med 1989; 320: 1161–65.
37 Collins FS, Mansoura MK. The Human Genome Project. Revealing the shared inheritance of all humankind. Cancer 2001; 91 (suppl 1): 221–25.
38 Cohen JC, Kiss RS, Pertsemlidis A, Marcel YL, McPherson R, Hobbs HH. Multiple rare alleles contribute to low plasma levels of HDL cholesterol. Science 2004; 305: 869–72.
39 Keinan A, Clark AG. Recent explosive human population growth has resulted in an excess of rare genetic variants. Science 2012; 336: 740–43.
40 Hirschhorn JN. Genomewide association studies—illuminating biologic pathways. N Engl J Med 2009; 360: 1699–701.
41 Sermon K, Van Steirteghem A, Liebaers I. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis. Lancet 2004; 363: 1633–41.
42 Stearns SC, Medzhitov R. Evolutionary medicine. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates, 2016.
43 Roff DA. Evolution of life histories: theory and analysis. London: Chapman and Hall, 1992.
44 Lasker GW. Human biological adaptability. The ecological approach in physical anthropology. Science 1969; 166: 1480–86.
45 Wells JC, Stock JT. The biology of the colonizing ape. Am J Phys Anthropol 2007; 134 (suppl 45): 191–222.
46 Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Cooper C, Thornburg KL. Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 61–73.
47 Thavagnanam S, Fleming J, Bromley A, Shields MD, Cardwell CR. A meta-analysis of the association between Caesarean section and childhood asthma. Clin Exp Allergy 2008; 38: 629–33.
48 Darmasseelane K, Hyde MJ, Santhakumaran S, Gale C, Modi N. Mode of delivery and offspring body mass index, overweight and obesity in adult life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2014; 9: e87896.
49 Trasande L, Blustein J, Liu M, Corwin E, Cox LM, Blaser MJ. Infant antibiotic exposures and early-life body mass. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 37: 16–23.
50 Murk W, Risnes KR, Bracken MB. Prenatal or early-life exposure to antibiotics and risk of childhood asthma: a systematic review. Pediatrics 2011; 127: 1125–38.
51 Wells JC, Yao P, Williams JE, Gayner R. Maternal investment, life-history strategy of the offspring and adult chronic disease risk in South Asian women in the UK. Evol Med Public Health 2016; 2016: 133–45.
52 Lochmiller RL, Deerenberg C. Trade-offs in evolutionary immunology: just what is the cost of immunity? Oikos 2000; 88: 87–98.
Comentarios
Para ver los comentarios de sus colegas o para expresar su opinión debe ingresar con su cuenta de IntraMed.