Neumomediastino

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22.    Sands D.E., Ledgerwood A.M., Lucas C.E.:  Pneumomediastinum on a surgical service.  Am Surg 54. 434-437.1988; 
23.    Takada K., Matsumoto S., Hiramatsu T., et al:  Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: an algorithm for diagnosis and management.  Ther Adv Respir Dis 3. 301-307.2009;
24.    Ho A.S., Ahmed A., Huang J.S., et al:  Multidetector computed tomography of spontaneous versus secondary pneumomediastinum in 89 patients: can multidetector computed tomography be used to reliably distinguish between the 2 entities?.  J Thorac Imaging 27. 85-92.2012;
25.    Newcomb A.E., Clarke C.P.:  Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a benign curiosity or a significant problem?.  Chest 128. 3298-3302.2005; 
26.    Macklin C.:  Transport of air along sheaths of pulmonic vessels from alveoli to mediastinum.  Arch Intern Med 64. 913-926.1939;
27.    Hamman L.:  Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema.  Bull Johns Hopkins Hosp 64. 1-21.1939;
28.    Macia I., Moya J., Ramos R., et al:  Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: 41 cases.  Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 31. 1110-1114.2007; 
29.    Mondello B., Pavia R., Ruggeri P., et al:  Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: experience in 18 adult patients.  Lung 185. 9-14.2007; 
30.    Al-Mufarrej F., Badar J., Gharagozloo F., et al:  Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.  J Cardiothorac Surg 3. 59.2008;
31.    Caceres M., Ali S.Z., Braud R., et al:  Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: a comparative study and review of the literature.  Ann Thorac Surg 86. 962-966.2008; 
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33.    Perna V., Vilà E., Guelbenzu J.J., et al:  Pneumomediastinum: is this really a benign entity? When it can be considered as spontaneous? Our experience in 47 adult patients.  Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 37. 573-575.2010; 
34.    Weissberg D., Weissberg D.:  Spontaneous mediastinal emphysema.  Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 26. 885-888.2004; 
35.    Takada K., Matsumoto S., Hiramatsu T., et al:  Management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum based on clinical experience of 25 cases.  Respir Med 102. 1329-1334.2008; 
36.    Koullias G.J., Korkolis D.P., Wang X.J., et al:  Current assessment and management of spontaneous pneumomediastinum: experience in 24 adult patients.  Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 25. 852-855.2004; 
37.    Fridlender Z.G., Bloch A.:  Pneumomediastinum following drug abuse.  [article in Hebrew]Harefuah 139. 411-413.2000;496 
38.    Haim D.Y., Lippmann M.L., Goldberg S.K., et al:  The pulmonary complications of crack cocaine. A comprehensive review.  Chest 107. 233-240.1995