Obesidad y cirugía | 01 FEB 06
Complicaciones de la cirugía bariátrica: parte II
El propósito de este artículo es revisar las complicaciones mayores que ocurren después de los procedimientos anti-obesidad y brindar recomendaciones en relación con su manejo.
Autor: Dr. Livingston EH Fuente: Comentario y resumen objetivo: Dr. Rodolfo Altrudi Surg Clin North Am. 2005 Aug;85(4):853-68, vii.
Bibliografía
1. Livingston E.H., Procedure, incidence and complication rates of bariatric surgery in the United States. Am J Surg (2004) 188 : pp 105-110.
2. Pope G.D., Birkmeyer J.D., Finlayson S.R., National trends in utilization and in-hospital outcomes of bariatric surgery. J Gastrointest Surg (2002) 6 : pp 855-861.
3. Nguyen N.T., Paya M., Stevens C.M., The relationship between hospital volume and outcome in bariatric surgery at academic medical centers. Ann Surg (2004) 240 : pp 586-593.
4. Peltier G., Hermreck A.S., Moffat R.E., Complications following gastric bypass procedures for morbid obesity. Surgery (1979) 86 : pp 648-654.
5. Balsiger B.M., Kennedy F.P., Abu-Lebdeh H.S., Prospective evaluation of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as primary operation for medically complicated obesity. Mayo Clin Proc (2000) 75 : pp 673-680.
6. Yale C.E., Gastric surgery for morbid obesity. Complications and long-term weight control. Arch Surg (1989) 124 : pp 941-946.
7. Buckwalter J.A., Herbst C.A., Jr., Leaks occurring after gastric bariatric operations. Surgery (1988) 103 : pp 156-160.
8. Livingston E.H., Huerta S., Arthur D., Male gender is a predictor of morbidity and age a predictor of mortality for patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Ann Surg (2002) 236 : pp 576-582.
9. Fernandez A.Z., Jr., DeMaria E.J., Tichansky D.S., Multivariate analysis of risk factors for death following gastric bypass for treatment of morbid obesity. Ann Surg (2004) 239 : pp 698-702.
10. Mason E.E., Renquist K.E.J.S., Perioperative risks and safety of surgery for severe obesity. Am J Clin Nutr (1992) 55 : pp 573S-576S.
11. Review of weight loss prior to bariatric surgery. California Department of Managed Health Care. Available at: http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/boards/cap/BariatricREV.pdf. Accessed June 25, 2005.
12. Macgregor A.M., Rand C.S., Gastric surgery in morbid obesity: outcome in patients aged 55 and older. Arch Surg (1993) 128 : pp 1153-1157.
13. Printen K.J., Mason E.E., Gastric bypass for morbid obesity in patients more than fifty years of age. Surg Gynecol Obstet (1977) 144 : pp 192-194.
14. Papasavas P.K., Gagne D.J., Kelly J., Laparoscopic Roux-En-Y gastric bypass is a safe and effective operation for the treatment of morbid obesity in patients older than 55 years. Obes Surg (2004) 14 : pp 1056-1061.
15. Gorecki P., Wise L., Brolin R.E., Complications of combined gastric restrictive and malabsorptive procedures: part 1. Curr Surg (2003) 60 : pp 138-144.
16. Melinek J., Livingston E., Cortina G., Autopsy findings following gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Arch Pathol Lab Med (2002) 126 : pp 1091-1095.
17. Arteaga J.R., Huerta S., Livingston E.H., Management of gastrojejunal anastomotic leaks after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Am Surg (2002) 68 : pp 1061-1065.
18. Brolin R.E., Complications of surgery for severe obesity. Problems in general surgery (2000) 17 : pp 55-61.
19. Sugerman H.J., Kellum J.M., Engle K.M., Gastric bypass for treating severe obesity. Am J Clin Nutr (1992) 55 : pp 560S-566S.
20. Livingston E.H., Sebastian J.L., Huerta S., Biexponential model for predicting weight loss after gastric surgery for obesity. J Surg Res (2001) 101 : pp 216-224.
21. Sugerman H.J., Kellum J.M., Jr., DeMaria E.J., Conversion of failed or complicated vertical banded gastroplasty to gastric bypass in morbid obesity. Am J Surg (1996) 171 : pp 263-269.
22. Schwartz R.W., Strodel W.E., Simpson W.S., Gastric bypass revision: lessons learned from 920 cases. Surgery (1988) 104 : pp 806-812.
23. Thaisetthawatkul P., Collazo-Clavell M.L., Sarr M.G., A controlled study of peripheral neuropathy after bariatric surgery. Neurology (2004) 63 : pp 1462-1470.
24. Brolin R.E., Gorman J.H., Gorman R.C., Are vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency clinically important after Roux en-Y gastric bypass?. J Gastrointest Surg (1998) 2 : pp 436-442.
25. Mallory G.N., Macgregor A.M.C., Folate status following gastric bypass surgery (the great folate mystery). Obes Surg (1991) 1 : pp 69-72.
26. McNeil P.M., Sugerman H.J., Continuous absorbable vs interrupted nonabsorbable fascial closure. A prospective, randomized comparison. Arch Surg (1986) 121 : pp 821-823.
27. Brolin R.E., Prospective, randomized evaluation of midline fascial closure in gastric bariatric operations. Am J Surg (1996) 172 : pp 328-331.
28. Sugerman H.J., Kellum J.M., Reines H.D., Greater risk of incisional hernia with morbidly obese than steriod-dependent patients and low recurrence with prefascial polypropylene mesh. Am J Surg (1996) 171 : pp 80-84.
29. Sapla J.A., Wood M.H., Sapala M.A., Marginal ulcer after gastric bypass: a prospective 3-year study of 173 patients. Obes Surg (1998) 8 : pp 505-516.
30. MacLean L.D., Rhode B.M., Forse R.A., Late results of vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid and super obesity. Surgery (1990) 107 : pp 20-27.
31. Livingston E.H., Obesity and its surgical management. Am J Surg (2002) 184 : pp 103-113.
32. Cucchi S.G., Pories W.J., MacDonald K.G., Gastrogastric fistulas. A complication of divided gastric surgery. Ann Surg (1995) 221 : pp 387-391.
33. Liu J.H., Zingmond D., Etzioni D.A., Characterizing the performance and outcomes of obesity surgery in California. Am Surg (2003) 69 : pp 823-828.
34. Huerta S., DeShields S., Shpiner R., Safety and efficacy of postoperative continuous positive airway pressure to prevent pulmonary complications after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. J Gastrointest Surg (2002) 6 : pp 354-358.
35. Huerta S., Arteaga J.R., Sawicki M.P., Assessment of routine elimination of postoperative nasogastric decompression after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surgery (2002) 132 : pp 844-848.
36. Amaral J.F., Thompson W.R., Gallbladder-disease in the morbidly obese. Am J Surg (1985) 149 : pp 551-557.
37. Sugerman H.J., Brewer W.H., Shiffman M.L., Ursodiol acid prevents gallstone formation following gastric bypass induced rapid weight loss: a multicenter placebo controlled, randomized double-blind prospective trial. Am J Surg (1994) 169 : pp 91-96.
38. Flum D.R., Dellinger E.P., Impact of gastric bypass operation on survival: a population-based analysis. J Am Coll Surg (2004) 199 : pp 543-551.
39. Griffen W.O., Jr., Young V.L., Stevenson C.C., A prospective comparison of gastric and jejunoileal bypass procedures for morbid obesity. Ann Surg (1977) 186 : pp 500-509.
40. Corrodi P., Wideman P.A., Sutter V.L., Bacterial flora of the small bowel before and after bypass procedure for morbid obesity. J Infect Dis (1978) 137 : pp 1-6.
41. Drenick E.J., Ament M.E., Finegold S.M., Bypass enteropathy. Intestinal and systemic manifestations following small-bowel bypass. JAMA (1976) 236 : pp 269-272.
42. Passaro E., Jr., Drenick E., Wilson S.E., Bypass enteritis. A new complication of jejunoileal bypass for obesity. Am J Surg (1976) 131 : pp 169-174.
43. Hassan I., Juncos L.A., Milliner D.S., Chronic renal failure secondary to oxalate nephropathy: a preventable complication after jejunoileal bypass. Mayo Clin Proc (2001) 76 : pp 758-760.
44. Lowell J.A., Shenoy S., Ghalib R., Liver transplantation after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. J Am Coll Surg (1997) 185 : pp 123-127.
45. Markowitz J.S., Seu P., Goss J.A., Liver transplantation for decompensated cirrhosis after jejunoileal bypass: a strategy for management. Transplantation (1998) 65 : pp 570-572.
46. Picard M., Frederic S.H., Stefane L., Complications of combined gastric restrictive and malabsorptive procedures: part 2. Curr Surg (2003) 60 : pp 274-279.
47. Higa K.D., Ho T., Boone K.B., Internal hernias after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: incidence, treatment and prevention. Obes Surg (2003) 13 : pp 350-354.
48. Higa K.D., Boone K.B., Ho T., Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: technique and preliminary results of our first 400 patients. Arch Surg (2000) 135 : pp 1029-1033.
49. Wittgrove A.C., Clark G.W., Laparoscopic gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y- 500 patients: technique and results, with 3–60 month follow-up. Obes Surg (2000) 10 : pp 233-239.
50. Schauer P.R., Ikramuddin S., Gourash W., Outcomes after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Ann Surg (2000) 232 : pp 515-529.
51. Papasavas P.K., Caushaj P.F., McCormick J.T., Laparoscopic management of complications following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Surg Endosc (2003) 17 : pp 610-614.
2. Pope G.D., Birkmeyer J.D., Finlayson S.R., National trends in utilization and in-hospital outcomes of bariatric surgery. J Gastrointest Surg (2002) 6 : pp 855-861.
3. Nguyen N.T., Paya M., Stevens C.M., The relationship between hospital volume and outcome in bariatric surgery at academic medical centers. Ann Surg (2004) 240 : pp 586-593.
4. Peltier G., Hermreck A.S., Moffat R.E., Complications following gastric bypass procedures for morbid obesity. Surgery (1979) 86 : pp 648-654.
5. Balsiger B.M., Kennedy F.P., Abu-Lebdeh H.S., Prospective evaluation of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as primary operation for medically complicated obesity. Mayo Clin Proc (2000) 75 : pp 673-680.
6. Yale C.E., Gastric surgery for morbid obesity. Complications and long-term weight control. Arch Surg (1989) 124 : pp 941-946.
7. Buckwalter J.A., Herbst C.A., Jr., Leaks occurring after gastric bariatric operations. Surgery (1988) 103 : pp 156-160.
8. Livingston E.H., Huerta S., Arthur D., Male gender is a predictor of morbidity and age a predictor of mortality for patients undergoing gastric bypass surgery. Ann Surg (2002) 236 : pp 576-582.
9. Fernandez A.Z., Jr., DeMaria E.J., Tichansky D.S., Multivariate analysis of risk factors for death following gastric bypass for treatment of morbid obesity. Ann Surg (2004) 239 : pp 698-702.
10. Mason E.E., Renquist K.E.J.S., Perioperative risks and safety of surgery for severe obesity. Am J Clin Nutr (1992) 55 : pp 573S-576S.
11. Review of weight loss prior to bariatric surgery. California Department of Managed Health Care. Available at: http://www.dmhc.ca.gov/boards/cap/BariatricREV.pdf. Accessed June 25, 2005.
12. Macgregor A.M., Rand C.S., Gastric surgery in morbid obesity: outcome in patients aged 55 and older. Arch Surg (1993) 128 : pp 1153-1157.
13. Printen K.J., Mason E.E., Gastric bypass for morbid obesity in patients more than fifty years of age. Surg Gynecol Obstet (1977) 144 : pp 192-194.
14. Papasavas P.K., Gagne D.J., Kelly J., Laparoscopic Roux-En-Y gastric bypass is a safe and effective operation for the treatment of morbid obesity in patients older than 55 years. Obes Surg (2004) 14 : pp 1056-1061.
15. Gorecki P., Wise L., Brolin R.E., Complications of combined gastric restrictive and malabsorptive procedures: part 1. Curr Surg (2003) 60 : pp 138-144.
16. Melinek J., Livingston E., Cortina G., Autopsy findings following gastric bypass surgery for morbid obesity. Arch Pathol Lab Med (2002) 126 : pp 1091-1095.
17. Arteaga J.R., Huerta S., Livingston E.H., Management of gastrojejunal anastomotic leaks after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Am Surg (2002) 68 : pp 1061-1065.
18. Brolin R.E., Complications of surgery for severe obesity. Problems in general surgery (2000) 17 : pp 55-61.
19. Sugerman H.J., Kellum J.M., Engle K.M., Gastric bypass for treating severe obesity. Am J Clin Nutr (1992) 55 : pp 560S-566S.
20. Livingston E.H., Sebastian J.L., Huerta S., Biexponential model for predicting weight loss after gastric surgery for obesity. J Surg Res (2001) 101 : pp 216-224.
21. Sugerman H.J., Kellum J.M., Jr., DeMaria E.J., Conversion of failed or complicated vertical banded gastroplasty to gastric bypass in morbid obesity. Am J Surg (1996) 171 : pp 263-269.
22. Schwartz R.W., Strodel W.E., Simpson W.S., Gastric bypass revision: lessons learned from 920 cases. Surgery (1988) 104 : pp 806-812.
23. Thaisetthawatkul P., Collazo-Clavell M.L., Sarr M.G., A controlled study of peripheral neuropathy after bariatric surgery. Neurology (2004) 63 : pp 1462-1470.
24. Brolin R.E., Gorman J.H., Gorman R.C., Are vitamin B-12 and folate deficiency clinically important after Roux en-Y gastric bypass?. J Gastrointest Surg (1998) 2 : pp 436-442.
25. Mallory G.N., Macgregor A.M.C., Folate status following gastric bypass surgery (the great folate mystery). Obes Surg (1991) 1 : pp 69-72.
26. McNeil P.M., Sugerman H.J., Continuous absorbable vs interrupted nonabsorbable fascial closure. A prospective, randomized comparison. Arch Surg (1986) 121 : pp 821-823.
27. Brolin R.E., Prospective, randomized evaluation of midline fascial closure in gastric bariatric operations. Am J Surg (1996) 172 : pp 328-331.
28. Sugerman H.J., Kellum J.M., Reines H.D., Greater risk of incisional hernia with morbidly obese than steriod-dependent patients and low recurrence with prefascial polypropylene mesh. Am J Surg (1996) 171 : pp 80-84.
29. Sapla J.A., Wood M.H., Sapala M.A., Marginal ulcer after gastric bypass: a prospective 3-year study of 173 patients. Obes Surg (1998) 8 : pp 505-516.
30. MacLean L.D., Rhode B.M., Forse R.A., Late results of vertical banded gastroplasty for morbid and super obesity. Surgery (1990) 107 : pp 20-27.
31. Livingston E.H., Obesity and its surgical management. Am J Surg (2002) 184 : pp 103-113.
32. Cucchi S.G., Pories W.J., MacDonald K.G., Gastrogastric fistulas. A complication of divided gastric surgery. Ann Surg (1995) 221 : pp 387-391.
33. Liu J.H., Zingmond D., Etzioni D.A., Characterizing the performance and outcomes of obesity surgery in California. Am Surg (2003) 69 : pp 823-828.
34. Huerta S., DeShields S., Shpiner R., Safety and efficacy of postoperative continuous positive airway pressure to prevent pulmonary complications after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. J Gastrointest Surg (2002) 6 : pp 354-358.
35. Huerta S., Arteaga J.R., Sawicki M.P., Assessment of routine elimination of postoperative nasogastric decompression after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surgery (2002) 132 : pp 844-848.
36. Amaral J.F., Thompson W.R., Gallbladder-disease in the morbidly obese. Am J Surg (1985) 149 : pp 551-557.
37. Sugerman H.J., Brewer W.H., Shiffman M.L., Ursodiol acid prevents gallstone formation following gastric bypass induced rapid weight loss: a multicenter placebo controlled, randomized double-blind prospective trial. Am J Surg (1994) 169 : pp 91-96.
38. Flum D.R., Dellinger E.P., Impact of gastric bypass operation on survival: a population-based analysis. J Am Coll Surg (2004) 199 : pp 543-551.
39. Griffen W.O., Jr., Young V.L., Stevenson C.C., A prospective comparison of gastric and jejunoileal bypass procedures for morbid obesity. Ann Surg (1977) 186 : pp 500-509.
40. Corrodi P., Wideman P.A., Sutter V.L., Bacterial flora of the small bowel before and after bypass procedure for morbid obesity. J Infect Dis (1978) 137 : pp 1-6.
41. Drenick E.J., Ament M.E., Finegold S.M., Bypass enteropathy. Intestinal and systemic manifestations following small-bowel bypass. JAMA (1976) 236 : pp 269-272.
42. Passaro E., Jr., Drenick E., Wilson S.E., Bypass enteritis. A new complication of jejunoileal bypass for obesity. Am J Surg (1976) 131 : pp 169-174.
43. Hassan I., Juncos L.A., Milliner D.S., Chronic renal failure secondary to oxalate nephropathy: a preventable complication after jejunoileal bypass. Mayo Clin Proc (2001) 76 : pp 758-760.
44. Lowell J.A., Shenoy S., Ghalib R., Liver transplantation after jejunoileal bypass for morbid obesity. J Am Coll Surg (1997) 185 : pp 123-127.
45. Markowitz J.S., Seu P., Goss J.A., Liver transplantation for decompensated cirrhosis after jejunoileal bypass: a strategy for management. Transplantation (1998) 65 : pp 570-572.
46. Picard M., Frederic S.H., Stefane L., Complications of combined gastric restrictive and malabsorptive procedures: part 2. Curr Surg (2003) 60 : pp 274-279.
47. Higa K.D., Ho T., Boone K.B., Internal hernias after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: incidence, treatment and prevention. Obes Surg (2003) 13 : pp 350-354.
48. Higa K.D., Boone K.B., Ho T., Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity: technique and preliminary results of our first 400 patients. Arch Surg (2000) 135 : pp 1029-1033.
49. Wittgrove A.C., Clark G.W., Laparoscopic gastric bypass, Roux-en-Y- 500 patients: technique and results, with 3–60 month follow-up. Obes Surg (2000) 10 : pp 233-239.
50. Schauer P.R., Ikramuddin S., Gourash W., Outcomes after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Ann Surg (2000) 232 : pp 515-529.
51. Papasavas P.K., Caushaj P.F., McCormick J.T., Laparoscopic management of complications following laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for morbid obesity. Surg Endosc (2003) 17 : pp 610-614.
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