Un estudio exploratorio | 06 AGO 01
Evaluación de la personalidad del paciente con infarto del miocardio
El infarto del miocardio se ha asociado en la literatura con la personalidad tipo A y con ciertos rasgos específicos de personalidad: depresión, ansiedad, psicopatía, hipocondría y deterioro de la autoestima. Sin embargo son múltiples las inconsistencias comunicadas en esta asociación, sobre todo en lo que a la ansiedad y depresión se refiere.
Autor: Georgina L. Álvarez Rayón, Rosalía Vázquez Arévalo, Juan Manuel Mancilla Díaz Fuente: Acta psiquiátrica y psicológica de América Latina
Referencias bibliográficas
1. APPELS A. Mental precursors of myocardial infarction, British Journal of Psychiatry, 1990, 156, 465-471.
2. BOOTH-KEWLEY S. & FRIEDMAN H. S. Psychological predictors of heart disease: a quantitative review, Psychological Bulletin , 1987, 101 (3), 343-362.
3. BRUHN J. et al. Psychological predictors of sudden death in myocardial infarction, Journal Psychosomatic Research , 1974, 18 , 187-199.
4. BUELL J. & ELIOT R. The clinical and pathological syndromes of sudden cardiac death: an overview, en SOLMON D. et al. (eds). Biobehavioral Factors in Sudden Cardiac Death, Washington, National Academy Press, 1981.
5. BYRNE D. Type behavior life events and myocardial infarction: indecendent or related risk factors?, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 1981, 54, 371-377.
6. CALDERON N. G. Depresión: Causas, Manifestaciones y Tratamiento, México, Trillas, 1985.
7. CASAMADRID P. J. Infarto al miocardio: opción o designio, Tesis Doctoral, Fac. de Psicología, UNAM, México, 1989.
8. CRISP A. et al. Myocardial infarction and the emotional climate, LANCET, 1987, 17, 616- 619.
9. DEMBROSKY T. et al. Components of type A, hostility and anger: a relationship to angiographic findings, Psychosomatic Medicine , 1985, 47, 219-233.
10. DIAZ-GUERRERO R. & SPIELBERG D. Inventario de Ansiedad: Rasgo-Estado, México, Manual Moderno, 1975.
11. FREEMAN L. et al. Psychological stress and silent myocardial ischemia, American Hearth Journal , 1987, 114, 477-482
12. FRIEDMAN M. et al. Effects of discontinuance of type A behavior counseling on type A behavior and cardiac recurrence rate of post myocardial infarction patients, American Heart Journal , 1983, 114, 483-490.
13. FRIEDMAN M. & ROSENMAN R. H. Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood cardiovascular findings, Journal of the American Medical Association, 1959, 96, 1286-1289.
14. GOLDSTEIN M. G. & NIAURA R. Psychological factors affecting physical condition: cardiovascular disease literature review, Psychosomatics, 1992, 33 (2),134-145.
15. HAINES A. et al. Phobic anxiety and ischaemic heart disease, British Medical Journal, 1987, 295, 297- 299.
16. HANSON R. O. et al. Disentangling type A behavior: the roles of ambition, insentivity, and anxiety, Journal of Research in Personality, 1983, 17, 186-197.
17. HATHAWAY S. & MCKINLEY J. Inventario Multifásico de la Personalidad de Minnesota. Manual e instructivo (Adaptación: Velázquez A. & Nuñez R.), México, Manual Moderno, 1967.
18. HLATKY M. A. et al. Medical, psychological and social correlates of work disability among men with coronary artery disease, American Journal of Cardiology , 1986, 58, 911-915.
19. KAHN J. et al. Type A behavior and blood pressure during coronary artery bypass surgery, Psychosomatic Medicine, 1980, 42, 407-414.
20. MATTHEWS K. & HAYNES S. Type A behavior pattern and coronary disease risk, American Journal of Epidemiology, 1986, 123, 923-960.
21. NIAURA R. & GOLDSTEIN M. G. Psychological factors affecting physical condition: cardiovascular disease literature review, Psychosomatics , 1992, 33 (2),146-155.
22. RAGLAND D. & BRAND R. Type A behavior and mortality from coronary heart disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 1988, 318, 65-69.
23. ROSENMAN R. H. The interview method of assessment of the coronary-prone behavior pattern, en DEMBROSKY M. et al. (eds). Coronary-prone Behavior, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1978.
24. SCHNEIDER G. P. Aspectos psicosomáticos de la cardiopatía. Tesis de Doctorado, Fac. de Psicología, UNAM, México, 1988.
25. SHEKELLE R. et al. Hostility, risk of coronary heart disease and mortality, Psychosomatic Medicine, 1983, 45, 109-114.
26. SMITH T. W. & ANDERSON N. B. Models of personality and disease: an interactional approach to type A behavior and cardiovascular risk, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 50 (6), 1166-1173
27. THURSTONE L. Inventario de rasgos temperamentales. Manual e instructivo (Adaptación: Woyno W. & Oñoro R. E.), México, Manual Moderno, 1975.
2. BOOTH-KEWLEY S. & FRIEDMAN H. S. Psychological predictors of heart disease: a quantitative review, Psychological Bulletin , 1987, 101 (3), 343-362.
3. BRUHN J. et al. Psychological predictors of sudden death in myocardial infarction, Journal Psychosomatic Research , 1974, 18 , 187-199.
4. BUELL J. & ELIOT R. The clinical and pathological syndromes of sudden cardiac death: an overview, en SOLMON D. et al. (eds). Biobehavioral Factors in Sudden Cardiac Death, Washington, National Academy Press, 1981.
5. BYRNE D. Type behavior life events and myocardial infarction: indecendent or related risk factors?, British Journal of Medical Psychology, 1981, 54, 371-377.
6. CALDERON N. G. Depresión: Causas, Manifestaciones y Tratamiento, México, Trillas, 1985.
7. CASAMADRID P. J. Infarto al miocardio: opción o designio, Tesis Doctoral, Fac. de Psicología, UNAM, México, 1989.
8. CRISP A. et al. Myocardial infarction and the emotional climate, LANCET, 1987, 17, 616- 619.
9. DEMBROSKY T. et al. Components of type A, hostility and anger: a relationship to angiographic findings, Psychosomatic Medicine , 1985, 47, 219-233.
10. DIAZ-GUERRERO R. & SPIELBERG D. Inventario de Ansiedad: Rasgo-Estado, México, Manual Moderno, 1975.
11. FREEMAN L. et al. Psychological stress and silent myocardial ischemia, American Hearth Journal , 1987, 114, 477-482
12. FRIEDMAN M. et al. Effects of discontinuance of type A behavior counseling on type A behavior and cardiac recurrence rate of post myocardial infarction patients, American Heart Journal , 1983, 114, 483-490.
13. FRIEDMAN M. & ROSENMAN R. H. Association of specific overt behavior pattern with blood cardiovascular findings, Journal of the American Medical Association, 1959, 96, 1286-1289.
14. GOLDSTEIN M. G. & NIAURA R. Psychological factors affecting physical condition: cardiovascular disease literature review, Psychosomatics, 1992, 33 (2),134-145.
15. HAINES A. et al. Phobic anxiety and ischaemic heart disease, British Medical Journal, 1987, 295, 297- 299.
16. HANSON R. O. et al. Disentangling type A behavior: the roles of ambition, insentivity, and anxiety, Journal of Research in Personality, 1983, 17, 186-197.
17. HATHAWAY S. & MCKINLEY J. Inventario Multifásico de la Personalidad de Minnesota. Manual e instructivo (Adaptación: Velázquez A. & Nuñez R.), México, Manual Moderno, 1967.
18. HLATKY M. A. et al. Medical, psychological and social correlates of work disability among men with coronary artery disease, American Journal of Cardiology , 1986, 58, 911-915.
19. KAHN J. et al. Type A behavior and blood pressure during coronary artery bypass surgery, Psychosomatic Medicine, 1980, 42, 407-414.
20. MATTHEWS K. & HAYNES S. Type A behavior pattern and coronary disease risk, American Journal of Epidemiology, 1986, 123, 923-960.
21. NIAURA R. & GOLDSTEIN M. G. Psychological factors affecting physical condition: cardiovascular disease literature review, Psychosomatics , 1992, 33 (2),146-155.
22. RAGLAND D. & BRAND R. Type A behavior and mortality from coronary heart disease, New England Journal of Medicine, 1988, 318, 65-69.
23. ROSENMAN R. H. The interview method of assessment of the coronary-prone behavior pattern, en DEMBROSKY M. et al. (eds). Coronary-prone Behavior, New York, Springer-Verlag, 1978.
24. SCHNEIDER G. P. Aspectos psicosomáticos de la cardiopatía. Tesis de Doctorado, Fac. de Psicología, UNAM, México, 1988.
25. SHEKELLE R. et al. Hostility, risk of coronary heart disease and mortality, Psychosomatic Medicine, 1983, 45, 109-114.
26. SMITH T. W. & ANDERSON N. B. Models of personality and disease: an interactional approach to type A behavior and cardiovascular risk, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1986, 50 (6), 1166-1173
27. THURSTONE L. Inventario de rasgos temperamentales. Manual e instructivo (Adaptación: Woyno W. & Oñoro R. E.), México, Manual Moderno, 1975.
Tabla I.- Medias y desviaciones estándar obtenidas en los inventarios por ambos grupos
* p± .05 ** p± .001
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