El impacto de las distracciones en el quirófano sobre el estrés, carga de trabajo y trabajo en equipo

1. Brennan TA, Leape LL, Laird NM, et al. Incidence of adverse events and negligence in hospitalized patients. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:370–376.
2. Vincent C, Neale G, Woloshynowych M. Adverse events in British hospitals: preliminary retrospective record review. BMJ. 2001;322:517–519.
3. Leape LL, Lawthers AG, Brennan TA, et al. Preventing medical injury. Qual Rev Bull. 1993;19:144–149.
4. Makary MA, Sexton JB, Freischlag JA, et al. Patient Safety in Surgery. Ann Surg. 2006;243:628–635.
5. Leape LL. A systems analysis approach to medical error. J Eval Clin Pract. 1997;3:213–222.
6. Gaba DM, Howard SK. Fatigue among clinicians and the safety of patients. N Engl J Med. 2002;347:1249–1255.
7. Arora S, Hull L, Sevdalis N, et al. Factors compromising safety in surgery: stressful events in the operating room. Am J Surg. 2010;199:60–65.
8. Sexton JB, Thomas EJ, Helmreich RL. Error, stress, and teamwork in medicine and aviation: cross sectional surveys. BMJ. 2000;320:745–749.
9. Rogers AE, Hwang W-T, Scott LD, et al. The working hours of hospital staff nurses and patient safety. Health Affair. 2004;23:202–212.
10. Liu J, Etzioni DA, O'Connell JB, et al. The increasing workload of general surgery. Arch Surg-Chicago. 2004;139:423–428.
11. Arora S, Sevdalis N, Nestel D, et al. The impact of stress on surgical performance: a systematic review of the literature. Surgery. 2010;147:318–330.
12. Sundstrom E, Bell PA, Busby PL, et al. Environmental psychology 1989–1994. Annu Rev Psychol. 1996;47:485–512.
13. Jett QR, George JM. Work interrupted: a closer look at the role of interruptions in organizational life. Acad Manage Rev. 2003;28:494–507.
14. Banbury SP, Berry DC. Office noise and employee concentration: identifying causes of disruption and potential improvements. Ergonomics. 2005;48:25–37.
15. Latorella KA. Investigating interruptions: an example from the flightdeck. Hum Fac Erg Soc P. 1996;40:249–253.
16. Dismukes K, Young G, Sumwait R. Cockpit interruptions and distractions: effective management requires a careful balancing act. Aviat Safety Rep Syst Directline. 1998;10:4–9.
17. Sevdalis N, Forrest D, Undre S, et al. Annoyances, disruptions, and interruptions in surgery: the disruptions in surgery index (DiSI). W J Surg. 2008;32:1643–1650.
18. Healey AN, Primus CP, Koutantji M. Quantifying distraction and interruption in urological surgery. Qual Saf Health Care. 2007;16:135–139.
19. Healey AN, Sevdalis N, Vincent CA. Measuring intra-operative interference from distraction and interruption observed in the operating theatre. Ergonomics. 2006;49:589–604.
20. Zheng B, Martinez DV, Cassera MA, et al. A quantitative study of disruption in the operating room during laparoscopic antireflux surgery. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:2171.
21. Savoldelli GL, Thieblemont J, Clergue F, et al. Incidence and impact of distracting events during induction of general anaesthesia for urgent surgical cases. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2010;27:683–689.
22. Wiegmann DA, ElBardissi AW, Dearani JA, et al. Disruptions in surgical flow and their relationship to surgical errors: an exploratory investigation. Surgery. 2007;142:658–665.
23. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. The effect of health care working conditions on patient safety. Available at: http://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epcsums/worksum.htm. Accessed April 18, 2013.
24. Feuerbacher RL, Funk KH, Spight DH, et al. Realistic distractions and interruptions that impair simulated surgical performance by novice surgeons. Arch Surg. 2012;147:1026–1030.
25. Engelmann CR, Neis JP, Kirschbaum C, et al. A noise-reduction program in a pediatric operation theatre is associated with surgeon's benefits and a reduced rate of complications: a prospective controlled clinical trial. Ann Surg. 2014;259:1025–1033.
26. Hull L, Arora S, Symons NR, et al. Training faculty in nontechnical skill assessment: national guidelines on program requirements. Ann Surg. 2013;258:370–375.
27. Russ S, Hull L, Rout S, et al. Observational teamwork assessment for surgery: feasibility of clinical and nonclinical assessor calibration with short-term training. Ann Surg. 2012;255:804–809.
28. Crabtree BF, Miller WL. Doing Qualitative Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage; 1999.
29. Hull L, Arora S, Kassab E, et al. Observational teamwork assessment for surgery: content validation and tool refinement. J Am Coll Surgeons. 2011;212:234–243.
30. Hart SG. NASA-task load index (NASA-TLX): 20 years later. Hum Fac Erg Soc P. 2006;50:904–908.
31. Marteau TM, Bekker H. The development of a six-item short-form of the state scale of the Spielberger State—Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Brit J Clin Psychol. 1992;31:301–306.
32. Arora S, Tierney T, Sevdalis N, et al. The Imperial Stress Assessment Tool (ISAT): a feasible, reliable and valid approach to measuring stress in the operating room. World J Surg. 2010;34:1756–1763.
33. Sevdalis N, Healey AN, Vincent CA. Distracting communications in the operating theatre. J Eval Clin Pract. 2007;13:390–394.
34. Moulton CA, Regehr G, Lingard L, et al. Slowing down to stay out of trouble in the operating room: remaining attentive in automaticity. Acad Med. 2010;85:1571–1577.
35. Ayliffe GAJ. Role of the environment of the operating suite in surgical wound infection. Clin Infect Dis. 1991;13:S800–S804.
36. Nundy S, Mukherjee A, Sexton B, et al. Impact of preoperative briefings on operating room delays: a preliminary report. AMA Arch Surg. 2008;143:1068–1072.
37. Haynes AB, Weiser TG, Berry WR, et al. A surgical safety checklist to reduce morbidity and mortality in a global population. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:491.