Revisión | 08 MAY 02
Manejo de la anticoagulación antes y después de procedimientos invasivos
Conductas recomendadas para el manejo de los pacientes anticoagulados que deben ser sometidos a procedimientos invasivos.
Autor/a: Dr. Spandorfer J. Med Clin North Am 2001 Sep;85(5):1109-16, v
INDICE:
1. Introducción
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2. Riesgo de sangrado de los procedimientos
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3. Riesgo de trombosis al suspender la anticoagulación
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4. Fibrilación auricular
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5. Prótesis valvulares
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6. Enfermedad tromboembólica venosa (ETV)
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7. Estados de hipercoagulabilidad
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8. Farmacocinética de la warfarina y la heparina
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9. Anticoagulación y anestesia
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10. Recomendaciones
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11. Referencias
Referencias
1. Agnelli G, Iorio A, Renga C, et al: Prolonged antithrombin activity of low-molecular weight heparins. Circulation 92:2819-2824, 1995.
2. Alien MB, Johnston KW: Preoperative evaluation: Complications, their prevention and treatment. In Youmans JR (ed): Neurologic Surgery. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1990, pp 833-845.
3. Baudet EM, Oca CC, Roques XE, et al: A 5½ year experience with the St. Jude medical cardiac valve prosthesis: Early and late results of 737 valve replacements in 671 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 90:137-144, 1985.
4. Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, Briet E: Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Circulation 89:635-641, 1994.
5. Collignon F, Frydman A, Caplain H, et al: Comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of three low molecular mass heparins-dalteparin, enoxaparin and nadroparin-administered subcutaneously in healthy volunteers (doses for prevention of thromboembolism). Thromb Haemost 73:630-640, 1995.
6. Gainey SP, Robertson DM, Fay W, et al: Ocular surgery on patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 108:142-146, 1989.
7. Genewein U, Haeberli A, Straub PW, et al: Rebound after cessation of oral anticoagulant therapy: The biochemical evidence. Br J Haematol 92:479-485, 1996.
8. Harrison L, Johnston M, Massicotte MP, et al: Comparison of 5-mg and 10-mg loading doses in initiation of warfarin therapy. Ann Intern Med 126:133-136, 1997.
9. Hirsh l, Dalen JE, Deykin D, et at: Mechanisms of action, clinical effectiveness, and optimal therapeutic range. Chest 108:231S-246S, 1995.
10. Hirsh J: Duration of anticoagulant therapy after first episode of venous thrombosis in patients with inherited thrombophilia. Arch Intern Med 157:2174-2177, 1997.
11. Horlocker TT, Heit JA: Low molecular weight heparin: Biochemistry, pharmacology, perioperative prophylaxis regimens and guidelines for regional anesthetic management. Anesth Analg 85:874-885, 1997.
12. Hynson J, Katz J, Bueff H: Epidural hematoma associated with enoxaparin. Anesth Analg 82:1072-1075, 1996.
13. Kadakia SC, Angueira CE, Ward JA, et al: Gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients taking antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants: Survey of ASGE members. Gastrointest Endosc 44:309-316, 1996.
14. Kearon C, Hirsh J: Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery. N Engl J Med 336:1506-1511, 1997.
15. Lanzat M, Danna AT, Jacobson DS: New protocols for perioperative management of podiatric patients taking oral anticoagulants. J Foot Ankle Surg 33:16-19, 1994.
16. Lassen MR, Borris LC: Prevention in orthopedic surgery and
2. Alien MB, Johnston KW: Preoperative evaluation: Complications, their prevention and treatment. In Youmans JR (ed): Neurologic Surgery. Philadelphia, WB Saunders, 1990, pp 833-845.
3. Baudet EM, Oca CC, Roques XE, et al: A 5½ year experience with the St. Jude medical cardiac valve prosthesis: Early and late results of 737 valve replacements in 671 patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 90:137-144, 1985.
4. Cannegieter SC, Rosendaal FR, Briet E: Thromboembolic and bleeding complications in patients with mechanical heart valve prostheses. Circulation 89:635-641, 1994.
5. Collignon F, Frydman A, Caplain H, et al: Comparison of the pharmacokinetic profiles of three low molecular mass heparins-dalteparin, enoxaparin and nadroparin-administered subcutaneously in healthy volunteers (doses for prevention of thromboembolism). Thromb Haemost 73:630-640, 1995.
6. Gainey SP, Robertson DM, Fay W, et al: Ocular surgery on patients receiving long-term warfarin therapy. Am J Ophthalmol 108:142-146, 1989.
7. Genewein U, Haeberli A, Straub PW, et al: Rebound after cessation of oral anticoagulant therapy: The biochemical evidence. Br J Haematol 92:479-485, 1996.
8. Harrison L, Johnston M, Massicotte MP, et al: Comparison of 5-mg and 10-mg loading doses in initiation of warfarin therapy. Ann Intern Med 126:133-136, 1997.
9. Hirsh l, Dalen JE, Deykin D, et at: Mechanisms of action, clinical effectiveness, and optimal therapeutic range. Chest 108:231S-246S, 1995.
10. Hirsh J: Duration of anticoagulant therapy after first episode of venous thrombosis in patients with inherited thrombophilia. Arch Intern Med 157:2174-2177, 1997.
11. Horlocker TT, Heit JA: Low molecular weight heparin: Biochemistry, pharmacology, perioperative prophylaxis regimens and guidelines for regional anesthetic management. Anesth Analg 85:874-885, 1997.
12. Hynson J, Katz J, Bueff H: Epidural hematoma associated with enoxaparin. Anesth Analg 82:1072-1075, 1996.
13. Kadakia SC, Angueira CE, Ward JA, et al: Gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients taking antiplatelet agents and anticoagulants: Survey of ASGE members. Gastrointest Endosc 44:309-316, 1996.
14. Kearon C, Hirsh J: Management of anticoagulation before and after elective surgery. N Engl J Med 336:1506-1511, 1997.
15. Lanzat M, Danna AT, Jacobson DS: New protocols for perioperative management of podiatric patients taking oral anticoagulants. J Foot Ankle Surg 33:16-19, 1994.
16. Lassen MR, Borris LC: Prevention in orthopedic surgery and
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