Trastornos del espectro del kernicterus

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2. Shapiro SM. Definition of the clinical spectrum of kernicterus and bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction (BIND). J Perinatol.

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3. Le Pichon JB, Riordan SM, Watchko J, Shapiro SM. The neurological sequelae of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia: definitions, diagnosis and treatment of the kernicterus spectrum disorders (KSDs). Curr Pediatr Rev. 2017;13(3):199–209

4. Manning D, Todd P, Maxwell M, Jane Platt M. Prospective surveillance study of severe hyperbilirubinaemia in the newborn in the UK and Ireland. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2007;92(5):F342–F346

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6. Hansen TW, Nietsch L, Norman E, et al. Reversibility of acute intermediate phase bilirubin encephalopathy. Acta Paediatr. 2009;98(10):1689–1694

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9. Bhutani VK, Johnson-Hamerman L. The clinical syndrome of bilirubin-induced neurologic dysfunction. Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2015;20(1):6–13

10. Lunsing RJ. Subtle bilirubin-induced neurodevelopmental dysfunction (BIND) in the term and late preterm infant: does it exist? Semin Perinatol. 2014;38(7):465–471

11. Johnson LHBA, Bhutani VK. BIND - a clinical score for bilirubin induced neurologic dysfunction in newborns. Pediatrics. 1999;199(part 3):746–747

12. Radmacher PG, Groves FD, Owa JA, et al. A modified Bilirubininduced neurologic dysfunction (BIND-M) algorithm is useful in evaluating severity of jaundice in a resource-limited setting. BMC Pediatr. 2015; 15:28

13. Dasari VR, Shapiro SM, Yeh HW, Gelineau-Morel R. Kernicterus Spectrum Disorders Diagnostic Toolkit: validation using retrospective chart review. Pediatr Res. 2022;91(4):862–866

14. Rapin I, Gravel J. “Auditory neuropathy”: physiologic and pathologic evidence calls for more diagnostic specificity. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2003;67(7):707–728

15. Rapin I, Gravel JS. Auditory neuropathy: a biologically inappropriate label unless acoustic nerve involvement is documented. J Am Acad Audiol. 2006;17(2):147–150

16. Spencer RF, Shaia WT, Gleason AT, Sismanis A, Shapiro SM. Changes in calcium-binding protein expression in the auditory brainstem nuclei of the jaundiced Gunn rat. Hear Res. 2002;171 (1-2):129–141 doi: 10.1016/s0378-5955(02)00494-x

17. Shaia WT, Shapiro SM, Spencer RF. The jaundiced gunn rat model of auditory neuropathy/dyssynchrony. Laryngoscope. 2005;115(12):2167–2173

18. Heine C, O’Halloran R. Central Auditory Processing Disorder: a systematic search and evaluation of clinical practice guidelines. J Eval Clin Pract. 2015;21(6):988–994

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20. Keino H, Kashiwamata S. Critical period of bilirubin-induced cerebellar hypoplasia in a new Sprague-Dawley strain of jaundiced Gunn rats. Neurosci Res. 1989;6(3):209–215

21. Shapiro SM. Bilirubin toxicity in the developing nervous system. Pediatr Neurol. 2003;29(5):410–421

22. Watchko JF, Maisels MJ. The enigma of low bilirubin kernicterus in premature infants: why does it still occur, and is it preventable? Semin Perinatol. 2014;38(7):397–406

23. Powers KM, Miller S, Shapiro SM. Exposure to excessive hyperbilirubinemia earlier in neurodevelopment is associated with auditory-predominant kernicterus subtype. In: 37th Annual Meeting of the Child Neurology Society. Santa Clara, CA. Ann Neurol. 2008;64(Suppl.12):S105

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25. Shapiro SM. Kernicterus. In: Stevenson DK, Maisels MJ, Watchko JF, eds. Care of the Jaundiced Neonate. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2012:229–242

26. Kitai Y, Hirai S, Okuyama N, et al. Diagnosis of bilirubin encephalopathy in preterm infants with dyskinetic cerebral palsy. Neonatology. 2020;117(1):73–79

27. Ahlfors CE, Herbsman O. Unbound bilirubin in a term newborn with kernicterus. Pediatrics. 2003;111(5 Pt 1):1110–1112

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29. Das S, van Landeghem FKH. Clinicopathological spectrum of bilirubin encephalopathy/kernicterus. Diagnostics (Basel). 2019;9(1):24

30. Wisnowski JL, Panigrahy A, Painter MJ, Watchko JF. Magnetic resonance imaging of bilirubin encephalopathy: current limitations and future promise. Semin Perinatol. 2014;38(7):422–428

31. Hameed NN, Hussein MA. BIND score: a system to triage infants readmitted for extreme hyperbilirubinemia. Semin Perinatol. 2021;45(1):151354

32. El Houchi SZ, Iskander I, Gamaleldin R, et al. Prediction of 3- to 5-month outcomes from signs of acute bilirubin toxicity in newborn

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33. Lazarus M, Chen JF, Urade Y, Huang ZL. Role of the basal ganglia in the control of sleep and wakefulness. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2013;23(5):780–785

34. Ng A, Galosi S, Salz L, et al; Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine Investigators. Failure to thrive - an overlooked manifestation of KMT2B-related dystonia: a case presentation. BMC Neurol. 2020;20(1):246

35. Perlman JM, McMenamin JB, Volpe JJ. Effects of bilirubin induced neurologic dysfunction on developmental outcome. Adv Pediatr. 1991; 38:271–302

36. Wisnowski JL, Panigrahy A, Painter MJ, Watchko JF. Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in advanced acute bilirubin encephalopathy highlight dentato-thalamo-cortical pathways. J Pediatr. 2016; 174:260–263

37. Volpe JJ. Bilirubin and brain injury. In: Volpe JJ, ed. Neurology of the Newborn, 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: WB Saunders; 2008:619–651

38. Seidman DS, Paz I, Stevenson DK, Laor A, Danon YL, Gale R. Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and physical and cognitive performance at 17 years of age. Pediatrics. 1991;88(4):8

39. Wennberg RP, Ahlfors CE, Bhutani VK, Johnson LH, Shapiro SM. Toward understanding kernicterus: a challenge to improve the management of jaundiced newborns. Pediatrics. 2006;117:474–485